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300 Listé sur un total de 1335 Entités
Questions relatives aux minorités
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2023
- Code du document
- A/78/195
Document
Renforcement et intégration de la protection des droits des minorités dans le système des Nations Unies : bilan de l’application de la Déclaration des droits des personnes appartenant à des minorités nationales ou ethniques, religieuses et linguistiques
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2023
- Code du document
- A/HRC/52/27
Document
Prévention des conflits par la protection des droits humains des minorités
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2022
- Code du document
- A/HRC/49/46
Document
Protection des droits des minorités dans les institutions, structures et initiatives du système des Nations Unies
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2022
- Code du document
- A/77/246
Document
Discours de haine, médias sociaux et minorités
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2021
- Code du document
- A/HRC/46/57
Document
Minorités, égalité de participation, développement économique et social et Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2021
- Code du document
- A/76/162
Document
Éducation, langue et droits de l’homme des minorités
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2020
- Code du document
- A/HRC/43/47
Document
Étude de l’importance et de la portée des quatre catégories de minorités – nationales ou ethniques, religieuses et linguistiques
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2020
- Code du document
- A/75/211
Document
Étude sur la notion de minorité
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2019
- Code du document
- A/74/160
Document
Rapport du Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités, Fernand de Varennes – Apatridie en tant que question relative aux minorités
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2019
- Code du document
- A/HRC/40/64
Document
L’apatridie : une question qui concerne les minorités
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2018
- Code du document
- A/73/205
Document
Rapport du Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités, Fernand de Varennes – Priorités et vision du mandat
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2018
- Code du document
- A/HRC/37/66
Document
Promotion effective de la Déclaration sur les droits des personnes appartenant à des minorités nationales ou ethniques, religieuses et linguistiques
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2017
- Code du document
- A/72/165
Document
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2017
- Code du document
- A/HRC/34/53
Document
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2016
- Code du document
- A/71/254
Document
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2016
- Code du document
- A/HRC/31/56
Document
Minorities in the criminal justice system
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2015
- Code du document
- A/70/212
Document
The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2015
- Code du document
- A/HRC/29/24
Document
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2015
- Code du document
- A/HRC/28/64
Document
Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2014
- Code du document
- A/HRC/25/56
Document
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2014
- Code du document
- A/69/266
Document
Rights of linguistic minorities
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2013
- Code du document
- A/HRC/22/49
Document
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2013
- Code du document
- A/68/268
Document
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2012
- Code du document
- A/67/293
Document
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2012
- Code du document
- A/HRC/19/56
Document
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2011
- Code du document
- A/HRC/16/45
Document
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2010
- Code du document
- A/HRC/13/23
Document
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur les questions relatives aux minorités
- Status juridique
- Droit souple non-négocié
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Année
- 2010
- Code du document
- A/65/287
Document
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The 1992 Declaration on Minorities, in article 4, paragraphs2 and 3, establishes positive obligations requiring that States take measures to create favourable conditions to enable persons belonging to minorities to express their characteristics and develop their culture, language, religion, traditions and customs. It also requires that States take appropriate measures so that persons belonging to minorities may have adequate opportunities to learn and have instruction in their mother tongue.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Independent Expert participated in an expert seminar on enhancing the effectiveness of international, regional and national human rights mechanisms in protecting and promoting the rights of religious minorities, which was held at the Vienna Diplomatic Academy on 22 and 23 May 2012. The seminar was hosted by the Government of Austria and was organized with OHCHR as part of the activities marking the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Forms of non-territorial or cultural autonomy can also serve to preserve elements of minority history, language and culture and may foster dialogue; they may involve establishing institutional arrangements such as local or minority self-governments. Local self-governments fulfil responsibilities in particular in the field of minority education and cultural self-administration, media, the fostering of traditions and cultural heritage, and social inclusion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In conflicts in Afghanistan, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Somalia, Sri Lanka and the Sudan, minority women have suffered systematic sexual and other violence. Violence against minority women does not always take place in the context of conflict. Women affected by caste-based discrimination in several countries experience high levels of violence owing to their low caste status and gender, and face killing, rape, gang rape and custodial torture.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- To overcome these challenges, some States include distinct courts or procedures that incorporate aspects of the cultural, religious, linguistic or other characteristics of a particular minority. In the Philippines, for instance, religious courts are provided in the Muslim Mindanao region. Such culturally adapted courts must always ensure full compliance with international human rights standards, including guarantees for a fair public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal under the rule of law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- In April 2014, the International Federation of Journalists adopted the "Brussels Declaration" to combat incitement to hate and violence through media. The Declaration made recommendations to journalists and their unions aimed at upholding the principles and ethics of responsible journalism, including denouncing incitement to hatred whenever identified, ensuring knowledge of codes and guidelines by media workers, promoting education and training of journalists as well as encouraging diversity in media outlets.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Committee noted that the significance of the indicators for predicting genocide or violence against racial, ethnic or religious groups should be supplemented by additional general indicators on: (a) prior history of genocide or violence against a group; (b) policy or practice of impunity; (c) existence of proactive communities abroad fostering extremism and/or providing arms; and (d) presence of external mitigating factors, such as the United Nations or other recognized invited third parties.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- From a minority rights perspective, every individual should also have the right, whether as accused or as witness, to use his or her native language in criminal proceedings, even if capable of communicating in a majority language. This is important both for the protection and promotion of identity and to ensure effective and informed participation. In Slovenia, for instance, some municipalities with a significant concentration of Italian- and Hungarian-speaking minorities permit the use of these languages in court proceedings.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Ethics codes play an important role in guiding press workers on how to report objectively and responsibly. The Press Ethics Code of Benin emphasizes that "Journalists must refuse to publish any incitement to tribal, racial and religious hatred. They must make a stand against all forms of discrimination" (art. 10). Singapore's Internet Code of Practice considers as prohibited material that "glorifies, incites or endorses ethnic, racial or religious hatred, strife or intolerance" (art. 4 (2)(g)).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Tallinn University in Estonia is conducting a study on stereotypes of various nationalities in Estonian online media with the objective of mapping and analysing stereotypes of individual nationalities. Additionally, the exhibition "We, the Roma", which reviews Estonian Roma history, culture and everyday life, opened in October 2013 and has since toured the country and abroad. It was shown at the Estonian Embassy in Helsinki and will open in Budapest in 2015.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Core international human rights treaties further develop the principles of the inherent dignity and equality of all persons, and enshrine the rights to equality and non-discrimination. Indeed, the principles of non-discrimination and equality are the fundamental pillars of human rights and minority protection. Similarly, the right to liberty and security of person, prohibition of torture and other ill treatment, and the right to life are relevant for the treatment of minorities in the context of humanitarian crises.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Information received by the previous mandate holder and the work of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, as well as other holders of thematic mandates, have revealed disturbing patterns of attacks and violence against members of religious minorities and their places of worship. In this context, the Special Rapporteur presented a thematic report to the General Assembly in 2013 (A/68/268) on minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Certain religious minorities unfortunately experience denial or deprivation of citizenship as a policy of discrimination, partly or wholly on the grounds of their religion or belief, with severe implications for the enjoyment of all their human rights (see A/HRC/7/23, paras. 49-70, and A/63/161, paras. 25-78). Unless legitimate grounds exist, in line with international standards, non-discrimination obligations demand that citizenship be granted on an equal basis to all.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In Nigeria, discrimination against Osu descendants persists. Osu people were historically considered a property of the local deities among communities in Igboland, in south-east Nigeria. The Osu were dedicated and "sacrificed" to these gods and forced to live on the outskirts of the villages. In 1958, the Osu Abolition Law was passed, but members of the Osu are still subjected to social exclusion, segregation and mistreatment, and discrimination in employment and marriage.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Many States are engaged in ongoing efforts to accommodate the interests of diverse communities. Finding the optimal arrangement may be a dynamic process and may not be resolved at the first attempt. Some States have repeatedly adjusted the structure of their systems of federalism over many years in an effort to defuse conflict over power and resources. What is important is to ensure that the State provides channels to raise issues and to participate in decision-making; that it constantly reassesses the success of efforts to accommodate diversity; and that it is aware of the different options available.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- When violent conflict does occur in diverse societies, applying a minority rights-based approach to consultations regarding peace agreements will require that all communities affected by the conflict, including those that are not active parties to it, be able to participate in the settlement process. That approach should counteract a tendency common in many conflict situations, whereby Governments, and to a certain extent the international community, focus predominately on addressing the demands of communities that are linked to armed movements, which may result in peace agreements that guarantee rights for some communities at the expense of others. That outcome both rewards the use of violence and violates the rights of those not associated with armed movements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Some conflicts are rooted in the denial or deprivation of citizenship to certain identity groups. Disputes regarding citizenship often arise against the background of pre-existing ethnic or regional conflict, linked in many cases to broader factors of poverty, competition for scarce resources and political instability (A/HRC/7/23, para. 26). The denial of citizenship to a minority community has both a symbolic and practical impact, both of which can be central to the origins of conflict. It sends an unambiguous message about the exclusion of a community as part of the national identity. The denial of citizenship can also mean denial of access to schooling, to health treatment or other services and to political office as well as the constant threat of deportation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Good practice exists at the policy level and in field operations, as illustrated by examples provided by the specialized agencies of the United Nations. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) operates an early warning system in some of its in-country programmes, often using sophisticated computer mapping, which is designed to map specific local conditions, such as movements of security forces and displaced peoples, presence of weapons, availability of basic services and access to water sources. In some situations a process of broad consultations with local communities is incorporated. UNDP has developed a capacity to identify the root causes of conflicts, notably through deployment of peace and development advisers to country teams who help in conducting conflict analyses. Experience has shown that context-specific systems that mix qualitative and quantitative indicators and political analysis are effective, if highly resource intensive.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Preventive diplomacy can be most effective when tensions first arise between a Government and a minority, and they are relatively susceptible to third party engagement. Envoys may work discreetly, as the situation is not yet in the glare of national or international media. Parties may be willing to calmly present their concerns, and to explore possible solutions. When a situation develops from these initial tensions to actual incidences of violence, positions begin to harden and resistance to compromise grows. It becomes more difficult for leaders to make compromises as the depth of feeling and emotion among their constituencies increases.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Legal, cultural or linguistic biases may also hinder effective minority participation in public life. High electoral thresholds usually have an adverse effect on the ability of minority communities to secure political representation and can constitute indirect discrimination. Requirements for the registration of political parties can restrict in an unreasonable and disproportionate way the ability of persons belonging to minorities to exercise their freedom of assembly and association. The delineation of electoral districts may distort the distribution of voters, thus having a discriminatory effect on a particular group or resulting in gerrymandering. Constitutional provisions on minority participation are alone insufficient to guarantee effective participation. Specific laws and policies enabling the implementation of such constitutional principles are necessary. The implementation of the latter must, in turn, be monitored and minority participation in their articulation, implementation and monitoring must be secured.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The mandate of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) does not explicitly encompass conflict prevention; however, UNICEF both generates and monitors country-specific data that reveal situations of emerging conflict. Its activities focusing on the most marginalized and vulnerable women and children position it uniquely to play the kind of early prevention role with respect to minority rights that is contemplated by this report. Given that minority children are often the most disadvantaged, there is a sound basis for the engagement of UNICEF in minority issues. With a wide network of offices worldwide, UNICEF is in an important position to encourage the introduction of minority issues on Government public policy agendas, to support Government efforts and directly deliver assistance to minority children and women. The UNICEF field presence is common in conflict zones, and its focus on protection issues makes it an institution with key relevance to conflict prevention. At UNICEF headquarters, there is a cluster of professionals whose portfolios include minority rights issues.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Conflict prevention is not the sole positive outcome of respect for minority rights. Societies flourish when all voices are heard, when all opinions are considered; when all citizens participate; and when the talent that exists in all communities is enabled to contribute to political institutions. Inclusion is good for societies as a whole, not just for those previously left out. Consequently, creating the conditions for the effective participation of minorities should be considered by States as an integral aspect of good governance and a key priority in their efforts to ensure equality and non-discrimination.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- As an essential tool of the early warning aspects of the mandate, the Special Adviser's office is privy to an enormous flow of information generated by sources inside and external to the United Nations system. The Special Adviser's gauge for sifting through that information flow is calibrated for precursors to genocide: an extremely important focus but one that is limited, fortunately, to a small number of situations. Clearly, therefore, there is a need for additional tools that focus on chronic abuses of minority rights at the earliest stages, to identify situations needing more upstream preventive action.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The right to effective participation is further upheld in provisions within existing regional human rights treaties. These include the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the American Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) protects the right to free elections through its Protocol No. 1 (art. 3) and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities creates an obligation for States to ensure the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities (art. 15). Comparable provisions on the prohibition of discrimination are also contained in the regional human rights treaties.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- A continuing and substantive dialogue is required in order to ensure the effective participation of women and men belonging to minorities in their society. This dialogue should be multidirectional: it must involve persons belonging to minorities as well as majority populations, and it also must be between persons belonging to minorities and the authorities. Such dialogue can be achieved only if effective channels of communication are in place. Such channels must take into account the specific needs of minority women, as well as other marginalized segments of minority communities exposed to intersectional discrimination.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The history of the development of minority rights at the United Nations has been closely linked to the need to address tensions between minorities and the State, and between population groups. The 1992 Declaration on Minorities states in its preamble that the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to such minorities contribute to the political and social stability of States in which they live. The drafting of the Declaration began in 1978, and received added impetus with the break-up of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. The importance attached to the Declaration was summed up by the representative of Austria, who, speaking before the Third Committee, observed that it should not be filed and forgotten, but implemented and filled with life, so as to contribute to overcoming situations of tension relating to minorities (see A/C.3/47/SR.47, para. 89).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Human rights treaty bodies and courts have dealt with a range of cases involving the right to effective participation of minorities and the related prohibition of discrimination. As regards requiring proficiency in an official language, the Human Rights Committee has held that a Government's failure to introduce legislation to permit the use of other languages disproportionately affected certain minority communities, since it denied them the use of their mother tongue in administration, justice, education, public life and Government, thus constituting a violation of article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee concluded that the State was under an obligation to provide the community with an effective remedy, namely by allowing its officials to respond in languages other than the official one in a non-discriminatory manner. In another case, barring a member of a minority from standing in local elections on the grounds that her proficiency in the official language was not adequate, when such an assessment was conducted in a deficient and arbitrary way and when in fact the person already held a language certificate, was deemed by the Committee to be a violation of articles 2 and 25 of the Covenant. On the same issue of barring a member of a minority from standing in elections because of allegedly inadequate proficiency in the official language, the European Court of Human Rights has found that this can constitute a violation of article 3 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention. In the particular case, the Court held that it had grave doubts as to the legal basis for subjecting candidates holding language certificates to further tests. The Court also considered that the testing lacked objectivity and procedural fairness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Economic exclusion and denial of access to quality education bring about a sense of despair, destroy hopes of upward mobility and are often a central grievance and a source of tensions. International standards on non-discrimination place an obligation on States to institute affirmative action policies to correct historical patterns of exclusion and enable members of minorities to achieve equality. Many States have recognized the corrosive nature of inequalities and have implemented such measures. Affirmative action programmes can, however, be a point of contention for majority communities, in particular when poorer members of majority communities perceive that they are losing out. It is important that Governments exercise leadership in educating the larger public, demonstrating that such programmes are based on the principles of justice and equal opportunity and result in fairer and more stable society.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- States should involve members of all minority groups in conflict prevention and peacebuilding initiatives.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- In its resolution 6/15 of 28 September 2007, the Human Rights Council established a Forum on Minority Issues ("the Forum"), inter alia to provide a platform for promoting dialogue and cooperation on issues pertaining to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, as well as thematic contributions and expertise to the work of the independent expert on minority issues. The independent expert is required to guide the work of the Forum and prepare its annual meetings. The inaugural session took place on 15 and 16 December 2008 in Geneva with a thematic focus on "Minorities and the Right to Education".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Different approaches to minority rights protection exist based on national circumstances and factors including historical, cultural and religious background and political systems. Some States provide territorial, political or cultural autonomy which facilitates minority participation in regional or local institutions and establish forms of local or minority self-government. Many States officially recognize minorities, adopt constitutional and legislative provisions, and acknowledge that special attention may be required to ensure the enjoyment of their rights in equality with others. Recognition of the existence of minorities remains a precondition for positive national measures and institutional arrangements for promoting minority rights effectively.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Institutional attention to minority issues may result in positive measures targeted at minorities. In its general recommendation No. 32 on the meaning and scope of special measures in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/GC/32), the Committee, citing general recommendation No. XIV, states that "differentiation of treatment will not constitute discrimination if the criteria for such differentiation, judged against the objectives and purposes of the Convention, are legitimate". According to general recommendation No. 32: The term "non-discrimination" does not signify the necessity of uniform treatment when there are significant differences in situation between one person or group and another, or, in other words, if there is an objective and reasonable justification for differential treatment. To treat in an equal manner persons or groups whose situations are objectively different will constitute discrimination in effect, as will the unequal treatment of persons whose situations are objectively the same. However, positive measures should be justified, timed and monitored.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Programmes to promote development implemented by Governments and external donors often fail to take into account the inequalities between communities, the unique circumstances of minorities or the possible need for special measures to ensure that minority communities also benefit. Minorities may be adversely affected through displacement by large-scale projects such as dams and natural resource extraction, or as a result of the negative environmental impact. As noted in the 2007 annual report of the independent expert, conflict prevention is one reason why monitoring poverty alleviation among minorities is crucial: if strategies are successful for some groups but not for minorities, inequalities will increase and so too may tension. Inclusive participation strategies for poverty reduction are proven and effective conflict prevention measures (see A/HRC/4/9, para. 43).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- In the 2005 World Summit Outcome, States Members of the United Nations conceptualized a principle that is of prime importance to the protection of minorities: the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity - "the responsibility to protect". This concept recognizes the duty of the international community to intervene to protect populations when their own Governments cannot or lack the will to do so. It prioritizes above all the use of appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful means, before legitimate force is contemplated. The focus of the institutional mechanisms that are being developed to implement the concept of the responsibility to protect will be limited to specific crimes. A broader focus on minority rights protections as a tool for protection from conflict will need to be the task of other mechanisms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Non-governmental organizations are often the most active advocates for minority rights and implement concrete and grass-roots programmes. They provide information, expertise and expert services to national institutions and provide an essential information and communication bridge between national authorities and minority communities. They also fulfil important functions, including provision of social support activities conducted within communities and by trained members of minorities. Academic institutions frequently have specialist knowledge of minority issues and conduct essential research which provides Governments that are seeking to strengthen institutional expertise and design appropriate policy and programme measures, with a valuable resource.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Institutional attention to minority issues can be key to achieving anti-racism objectives and in designing and implementing national strategies that ensure consultation with and participation of minorities from planning to evaluation. The 2001 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance urged Governments to develop national action plans against racism and create "conditions for all to participate effectively in decision-making and realize civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights in all spheres of life on the basis of non-discrimination" (para. 99 of the Durban Programme of Action). Action plans provide motivation for activities across institutions and are an important engine for mobilizing attention to equality and minority rights. Their implementation is characterized by mainstreaming initiatives in which numerous bodies work together to achieve common goals. The challenges in planning and management across institutions require institutional leadership so as to ensure that all actors fulfil their responsibilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Minority rights violations are often among the root causes of conflicts that have long gestation periods, root causes grounded in grievances that may bubble under the surface for years, or even decades, before violent conflict breaks out. Incorporating minority rights indicators into early warning systems would enable an earlier identification of potential conflicts. Other more technical early warning indicators, such as small arms flows and movements of displaced peoples, tend to reflect a situation that is already rapidly spiraling into violence. By the time those indicators trigger attention, grievances may have festered for decades, perhaps generations - generations of lost opportunities to heal rifts, avert conflict and build a cohesive society.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Minority rights institutions frequently have proactive mandates that include: reviewing and proposing domestic standards and providing expertise and information to legislation drafting and policymaking processes; monitoring laws and policies with respect to minority rights and recommending amendments or implementation measures; encouraging and coordinating programming on minority issues and strategies devised to address problems relating to minorities; promotion and education activities; developing good practice guides, information resources and reports; developing campaigns and outreach relating to minority rights; and forming a bridge between minority communities and public administration. Importantly, they should not act in isolation on minority issues but, should rather, actively promote mainstreaming of minority issues and cooperation across all relevant bodies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Collaborations among civil society groups, ethnic or religious bodies or associations and national or local authorities can provide valuable venues and opportunities for dialogue and understanding between communities and among authorities and minorities. In Marseille, France, "Marseille Hope" is an example of a positive initiative designed to create dialogue and help avert the tensions between faith groups that, once having emerged, can lead to violence. Jewish, Christian, Buddhist and Muslim leaders meet regularly with city authorities to share views and maintain positive relations among communities. Founded in 1989 in response to growing urban violence, it promotes inter-community understanding through activities, including interfaith symposiums.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Expert national institutions can assist Governments in fulfilling international commitments, including reporting to United Nations treaty bodies, such as the Human Rights Committee, on minority rights under article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. States receive minority-related recommendations based on their consideration by treaty bodies, the universal periodic review, special procedures mandate holders and regional monitoring bodies. Specialist institutions can lead efforts to implement recommendations nationally. They also provide a valuable focal point through which guidance, tools and technical cooperation initiatives relating to minority rights may be channelled to the national level. Independent national human rights institutions frequently provide critical analysis of government policy and practice and make recommendations based on their minority rights expertise, including to the United Nations system and regional bodies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Regional intergovernmental bodies can promote national attention to minority issues. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights can be interpreted as containing provisions for protection of minorities; however, in African States attention to minority issues is relatively weak. The African Commission has a Working Group on Indigenous Populations and is encouraged to consider creating a similar body to promote national attention to minorities. The Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is drafting a human rights declaration; and the Organization of American States has a working group to prepare a draft inter-American convention against racism and all forms of discrimination and intolerance. Inclusion of strong minority rights provisions in such regional standards could promote and require national attention to minority rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- European Union member States must set up equality bodies that address race and ethnicity in compliance with Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin. They are required to provide independent assistance to victims of discrimination on ethnic or religious grounds. They should also conduct independent surveys and publish reports and recommendations relating to discrimination. Consequently, there is a relatively high number of dedicated equality institutions in Europe compared with other regions without such binding directives. Nevertheless, frequently, equality bodies focus primarily on non-discrimination and rarely give essential proactive and dedicated attention to minority issues.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Institutional attention to minority issues is essential to changing the exclusionary practices and discriminatory perceptions about minority groups in wider society that may be institutionalized. Activities should therefore be focused not solely on minorities, but rather on all sectors of society. Coordinated institutional approaches should engage minorities, majority communities, and civil society as key stakeholders. Institutional measures should serve to mainstream minority issues within all relevant institutions and promote diversity and equality in all areas of public life.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- When they have easy access to institutions providing channels of complaint and remedy, including in their own languages, minorities are more likely to engage such bodies, and bring complaints of discrimination, which too often go unreported and unchallenged. Institutional attention to minority issues conveys a positive message to minorities, namely, that government recognizes their issues and concerns, and is committed to finding solutions to challenges involving minorities; and it also helps to instil confidence within communities. This may be particularly important in times of political and social upheaval, or administrative or regime change, or following conflict involving or impacting upon minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert will therefore pay special attention to the rights of and challenges faced by linguistic minorities. She will examine the problems as well as seeking to identify positive practices from all regions. For example, the use of models of bilingual education, commencing in the early years of schooling and including textbooks in minority languages, has been demonstrated to help children to become proficient in their mother tongue as well as national languages, maintain their ethnic and linguistic identity, and to help minority pupils to achieve positive education outcomes and fulfil their potential to participate effectively in wider society.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert welcomes the work of her predecessor relating to the rights and status of some persons belonging to specific communities in all regions that find themselves denied or deprived of citizenship, legal rights to remain, or recognition as legitimate minority groups. In many cases individuals, including children belonging to such groups who may have been born in their country of residence are rendered stateless. The independent expert will continue to raise the issues of specific affected communities. In cases where individuals have lived in a country for a period commensurate with their establishing well-developed community, social, economic and familial ties with that country, every consideration should be given by the State to granting them citizenship or legal rights to remain and all of their human rights as individuals and members of a minority group.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Government of Latvia noted the existence of three national-level consultative bodies: the Consultative Council on Minorities, under the President; the National Minority Non-Governmental Organization Committee, under the Ministry of Culture; and the National Minority Education Consultative Council, under the Ministry of Education and Science. At the local government level, society integration commissions have broad minority participation. The Government of Georgia provided information on its institutions, including a Civil Integration and Tolerance Council, a Council on National Minorities set up to facilitate dialogue between Government and national minorities, and a Council of Religions, promoting dialogue, integration and participation of religious associations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- The twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration provides an opportunity for States to consider practical measures for enhancing its implementation. Necessary efforts towards achieving positive and systematic change so as to ensure a culture and practice of minority rights and equality require political commitment and proactive approaches that are often lacking. While non-discrimination measures are essential, minority rights frequently require States to implement positive measures and approaches, as articulated in the Declaration, to ensure equality.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Issues and concerns have frequently been raised with the mandate of the independent expert relating to the rights of linguistic minorities. The Declaration on Minorities establishes that States shall protect the linguistic identity of minorities within their respective territories and shall encourage conditions for the promotion of that identity. It emphasizes that minorities have the right "to use their own language, in private and in public, freely and without interference or any form of discrimination". Article 4 of the Declaration requires that "States should take appropriate measures so that, wherever possible, persons belonging to minorities may have adequate opportunities to learn their mother tongue or to have instruction in their mother tongue".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the situation and abuse of the rights of persons belonging to "non-traditional" and new minority religious and faith groups remains concerning in some regions. Persons belonging to such groups report undue restrictions on their religious freedom and the activities of their leaders and members, administrative barriers to the registration of their faith-based organizations and establishment of places of worship and general harassment and intimidation including by law enforcement bodies and local authorities. In some cases members of such minorities experience violent attacks as a consequence of their religion or belief.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Among other institutions of the Government of Austria, its Equal Treatment Commission is handling ethnic and religious discrimination cases, including those relating to employment and the workplace, and addressing such issues as access to employment, working conditions, harassment and freedom of religion. The Ombudsperson for Equal Treatment of Austria can intervene and negotiate with employers on discrimination cases and submit applications to the Commission. The Ombudsperson offers information on rights and equality, provides training and can impose penalties in cases of discrimination and harassment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert recognizes the role and potential of young men and women within minority communities to inspire and promote change and develop positive relations across communities as well as being agents of change within their communities. Young people from both minority and majority communities have different experiences from those of older generations and bring different perceptions, including with regard to their national, ethnic, religious and linguistic and other aspects of their identity, and their interactions with those from communities that are not their own. In all aspects of her work as mandate holder, the independent expert will seek to engage with young people from minorities to learn about their views and ideas and to encourage them to take leadership roles and engage in positive activities to promote inter-cultural dialogue.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert emphasizes that while Governments bear the primary responsibility for protecting and ensuring the rights of all within society, minorities themselves also have a vital role and important responsibilities relating to their own communities and their place and integration in wider society. Article 2 of the Declaration establishes that "persons belonging to minorities have the right to participate effectively in decisions on the national and, where appropriate, regional level concerning the minority to which they belong or the regions in which they live, in a manner not incompatible with national legislation. Persons belonging to minorities also have the right to establish and maintain their own associations, and important component in the efforts of minorities to advocate for their rights".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Institutional approaches are particularly important that seek to ensure coordinated policy and programming initiatives incorporating all relevant ministries and other national stakeholders. They may develop and take the lead in implementing a national policy framework and devise cross-ministerial strategies and programmes in consultation with minorities and other stakeholders. Holistic, coordinated approaches recognize the interconnected nature of such issues and ministerial priorities such as health and housing, education and employment, and may facilitate policy and programming responses that comprehensively address problems facing minorities and their underlying causes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The scope of both minority rights and freedom of religion or belief is wide and inclusive. This is clear from the relevant norms enshrined in articles 18 and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well as the related General Comments 22 and 23 of the Human Rights Committee relating to the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and minority rights, respectively. Minorities are to enjoy culture, religion and language, and freedom of religion or belief is to include manifestation in "worship, observance, practice and teaching". This scope is also upheld in other instruments such as articles 14 and 30 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Those standards therefore call upon States to seek to allow for and actively facilitate the adequate functioning of religious minorities in all their related activities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- A minorities caucus could benefit from and be based upon existing United Nations contacts with minorities including: minority participants in the Forum on Minority Issues; participants in the United Nations Minority Fellowship Programme; contacts established through country visits of the mandate and through thematic initiatives of the independent expert. In addition, NGOs and others working in the field of minority issues in all regions would be invited to propose organizations and individuals to join the caucus. Academics, researchers, regional and country experts and those with particular thematic expertise relating to minority issues will also make a valuable contribution to discussions and initiatives of the proposed caucus.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The Declaration on Minorities states in article 4 that "States should consider appropriate measures so that persons belonging to minorities may participate fully in the economic progress and development in their country". Nevertheless some disadvantaged minority groups in all regions continue to face high and disproportionate levels of poverty and face discrimination and marginalization that impacts on their rights and opportunities in all fields of life, including their education, access to employment and participation in economic life, their access to adequate housing, health and service provision.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert, therefore, recognizes and applauds the work of grass-roots organizations and individuals in every region of the world working with and on behalf of disadvantaged minority communities to protect and promote their rights. She emphasizes that such NGOs frequently work in difficult circumstances and lack capacity and financial and human resources. Nevertheless many such organizations and individuals have achieved significant and concrete improvements affecting the lives of persons belonging to minorities in positive and very practical ways which should be given greater visibility and potentially employed as positive models for other communities worldwide where similar challenges exist.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The year 2012 marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption by consensus of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. In 1992, inspired by the provisions of article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights concerning the rights of persons belonging to ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, all United Nations Member States agreed that the rights of minorities warranted particular attention by the United Nations and that the United Nations has an important role to play regarding the protection of minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Religious minorities should always be able to avail themselves of complaints procedures and civil remedies in the courts. Nevertheless, barriers often exist to their access to justice, which must be addressed. Minorities may be reluctant to bring complaints to the police owing to hostility or the reluctance of authorities to receive their complaints, or general poor relations of religious minorities with law enforcement bodies. Women may face particular problems or anxiety in bringing complaints. Where the courts are, or are perceived to be, highly influenced by the dominant State religion, minorities may feel that such justice bodies are inappropriate to their needs, especially where national laws discriminate against them. Religiously diverse societies should take steps to ensure that religious minorities are represented in law enforcement bodies and the judiciary and that, where appropriate, training or special judicial mechanisms that meet the needs of religious minorities are put in place.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Network members would be an important source of information and expertise for the work of the independent expert and help to create awareness of the mandate across different regions and contribute systematically to the work of the mandate. A caucus would strengthen opportunities to share good practices and positive initiatives, improve information sharing by the United Nations to minorities relating to United Nations activities and events relevant to minorities, provide enhanced channels of communication regarding the provision of information relating to violations of the rights of minorities, and allow for joint initiatives. Reflecting on the need for effective early warning mechanisms to alert the international community to situations of concern involving minorities, the independent expert believes that the establishment of a global caucus could enhance efforts in this respect and improve timely provision of information on deteriorating situations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 91g
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert provides the following broad recommendations to national Governments and the international community:] In multi-faith societies, efforts to build a climate of trust, understanding, acceptance and interfaith cooperation and exchange benefit the whole of society and are essential elements of good governance and measures to prevent grievances, tensions and conflict. The active engagement and leadership of religious, community and political actors is essential to such efforts and should be encouraged and supported, including through the establishment of formal and informal mechanisms for dialogue, exchanges of views and consideration of interfaith and intercommunity initiatives.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 91c
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert provides the following broad recommendations to national Governments and the international community:] States must ensure that the national educational environment is welcoming and non-discriminatory for those belonging to religious minorities and that reasonable accommodation is provided for them to learn about their own religion, manifest their religion, participate in their religious holidays, and learn about the religions and beliefs of others. In conformity with the Declaration, States should, where appropriate, take measures to encourage the acquisition of knowledge about the history, traditions, language and culture of the minorities existing within their territory;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- At the regional level, some positive practice exists, for example the European Union Employment Equality Directive, adopted in 2000, which requires Member States to protect against discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief in employment, occupation and vocational training. All Member States were required to transpose the Directive into domestic law by 2 December 2003 and monitor and report on its implementation. Such developments are to be welcomed as concrete steps towards ensuring the rights of religious minorities. However, implementation at the national level remains problematic in some States. Strengthening regional provisions and monitoring for the protection of religious minorities in all regions would provide a valuable impetus for States to improve legislation and policy and practice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 60
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- Decisions as to whether to use public signs in a minority language should be made in consultation with minorities and may best be negotiated at the municipal or local levels. A dual language approach to public signs ensures the rights of other members of the community who do not belong to the linguistic minority; this constitutes a positive practice. In Europe, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities expressly requires that, taking into account their specific conditions, States endeavour “to display traditional local names, street names and other topographical indications intended for the public also in the minority language when there is a sufficient demand for such indications” (art. 11, para. 3). In China, bilingual signs are used in autonomous regions, including Xinjiang and Tibet, where Uighur and Tibetan languages share official status with Chinese.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Engaging in political life and decision-making processes at all levels also commonly requires proficiency in the official State language. However this can potentially exclude some linguistic minorities from fulfilling their right to participate effectively in political life and to be involved in decision-making processes that may affect them or the territories on which they live. In autonomous regions or states where certain languages are granted official status, those who do not speak the official language may be barred from standing for or holding certain public offices. Such challenges must be recognized and addressed to ensure that linguistic minorities are not unfairly excluded from political life at any level. Decentralized, federal and autonomous political structures are often beneficial to the political participation of linguistic minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Some persons belonging to minorities may face particular challenges in learning the national language, including the elderly and those who have not attended education in their country of residence, those with low incomes, the relatively newly arrived, and in some cases women. For them, the ability to engage administrative authorities and receive information and documents in their language can be essential to their ability to comply with administrative requirements and to benefit from administrative and social assistance to which they are entitled. Where larger and established minority language communities exist in a country, it is necessary to ensure to the fullest extent possible that public institutions in all relevant regions are equipped to handle interactions in minority languages if required.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- While resources available to a State are a factor, Governments must nevertheless fulfil their obligations to the best of their ability for all linguistic minorities. Numerous cost-effective methods are available to fulfil language rights, including translation of key information, web-based resources targeted at minorities, and policies of promoting training of minorities and their recruitment at national and local levels in public institutions. The use of minority mediators is a positive practice utilized by some States to improve communication with minorities. It may also be appropriate to encourage and facilitate cross-border cooperation, for example where a linguistic minority has a neighbouring or kin State with a shared language tradition.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Barriers to the full enjoyment of their rights may exist owing both to discrimination in wider society and to factors such as strictly defined gender roles within minority communities. Recent debates regarding the accommodation of religious dress, particularly for women in the workplace, have had an impact on the ability of some minority women to access labour markets or even public services. While offering general recognition and respect for the religious and cultural practices and traditions of minorities, it is the responsibility of Government and minorities alike to ensure that those practices and traditions do not contravene the human rights of any individual.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- States can decide on approaches to ensure the enjoyment of language-related rights in practice, based on factors such as demand and the number and location of minority students. Where student numbers are higher it may be appropriate to provide formal classes in minority languages, while in other cases more informal approaches may be appropriate, including additional classes and out-of-school teaching options. Government motivation for restricting the teaching of minority languages and their use as a language of instruction may be based on such factors as a policy of promoting the use of one national language and national unity. Some consider it advantageous for the social and economic mobility of minorities to ensure that they are fully proficient in the national language and therefore to limit minority language use in education, however this is a violation of minority rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Problems relating to access to minority language media may stem not from State legislation or policy but from a lack of resources, skills and technical or journalistic training that limits capacity to establish minority language media. In such cases the State can play a valuable role in assisting minorities and, where necessary, financially supporting training and initiatives to create minority language media. Minorities have the right to maintain cross-border relations, including with kin States, and these extend to the ability to receive language media and web-based information originating from abroad that conforms to international standards, for example with respect to the prohibition of incitement to ethnic or religious hatred.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Minorities have the right to name their children in minority languages, and no undue restriction should be placed upon that right or the official recognition of minority names in birth registration or other official documents. Restrictions on the use of certain names or scripts have been reported and constitute a breach of the rights of minority groups to enjoy their language, culture and identity. Where historical restrictions have been imposed and subsequently repealed, legal and administrative measures may be required to ensure that those affected may legally register and use their preferred spoken and written names. Birth registration and other relevant forms should, wherever possible, be available in the languages spoken by large minority populations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Consultation must not be restricted to religious or community leaders who may constitute a frequently male and older profile, but should wherever possible include women, youth and others. Detailed knowledge of religious and belief minorities and consultation with them is required to facilitate their engagement in public life. Understanding the worldviews of religious minorities, their motivations and communitarian ideals, facilitates their inclusion in leadership positions, the media, the rank of the State's educationalists and role models, political and other public figures, lawyers, human rights defenders and armed forces.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The ability of minorities to engage institutions and administrative bodies in minority languages ensures that they are able to express their views, participate in consultative processes and influence national policy that affects them and the regions where they live. Where linguistic minorities face language barriers to their interaction with authorities their right to participate fully in public life, as required by the 1992 Declaration on Minorities, may be limited. Some States have population percentage thresholds above which minorities may use minority languages in official interactions with government officials and bodies and qualify for other entitlements relating to languages. These should, however, be set at levels that are not restrictive, and flexibility in approaches is preferable. Where significant minority populations are concentrated it is particularly appropriate to ensure that they have opportunities to use their languages in communication with administrative bodies and authorities, but consideration should also be given to the needs of smaller or dispersed language groups that may face unique challenges.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- To participate fully in economic life and be able to benefit from all opportunities in equality with others it is necessary for minorities to be proficient in the national or State language, certainly if they wish to move beyond local or regional minority areas in which minority languages are used. In some cases the geographic and economic mobility of minorities is severely restricted by lack of proficiency in the national language. Due to language issues, labour market access for minorities may be restricted to certain jobs and localities, with implications for income and the opportunities for employment. Minorities may be restricted to low income or seasonal jobs in such areas as manual labour.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- If key public information materials are not available in minority languages, minorities can find themselves at a disadvantage and might fail to benefit from essential information and service provision. Those who are not proficient in the national language may face significant challenges as regards access to information. For example, some ethnic and linguistic minorities live in remote regions and do not speak the national language, therefore public information campaigns do not reach them or they cannot understand them. While some may speak national languages, they may not be literate; thus, even where campaigns do physically reach communities, it is important that they be in minority languages.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The challenges experienced by linguistic minorities are diverse and differ significantly according to their specific circumstances and legal and policy conditions in their countries of residence. Some linguistic minorities are well integrated, able to use their languages in public and private freely and find an accommodation of their language rights and needs in administration, education and service provision. For others, lack of official recognition or language policy and programmes for linguistic minorities results in an environment in which there is little or no provision made for minority languages. In some countries linguistic minorities may live mainly in rural or remote regions where their community interactions are always in minority languages but their children’s education is only in the national or official State language.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities and other international standards clearly establish the rights of linguistic minorities and the duties upon States. While they do not require that a State provide all activities and services in every language present within the State, in its assessment of how to fulfil its obligations, each State must take into account numerous factors relevant to linguistic minorities, including the number of language users and their distribution within the country. Each State can decide on approaches to how it implements the Declaration in practice, and it is reasonable to consider that greater attention and resources will be dedicated to certain traditionally present, commonly spoken, or geographically concentrated languages, for example, than are given to relatively newly established languages with few or dispersed users.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- In 2004, the post of Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide was established with the principal objective of providing advice on actions to protect vulnerable populations from genocide. The Special Adviser identifies potential threats to populations at an early stage and makes recommendations for the more constructive management of cultural diversity issues. By resolution 60/1, the General Assembly adopted the 2005 World Summit Outcome, in which a principle of prime importance to the protection of minorities is established: the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. The responsibility to protect prioritizes diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful means before force is contemplated. It recognizes, however, the duty of the international community to intervene to protect populations when their own Governments cannot or lack the will to do so. A Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect has been designated to lead the conceptual, political, institutional and operational development of the concept.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, a reasonable degree of accommodation of smaller and lesser-used languages should be provided. Modalities to support small or dispersed linguistic communities must be considered and can include support for informal language classes within or outside the public education structures and ensuring consultation with cultural associations representing linguistic minorities to assess and respond to specific needs. Factors such as voluntary and forced migration, conflict, climate change, and the opening of borders, for example across the Europe Union member States, are creating ever more diverse ethnic and linguistic societies in which language rights and needs must be taken into account.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Hate speech against Roma is widespread in the media and in public political discourse in many European countries. It dangerously labels the entire Roma population as criminal, aggressive or parasites on welfare systems. Roma rarely have access to mainstream media or public positions and seldom have the chance to challenge such stigmatization. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights found that one in five Roma reported experiencing racist violence. A tragic manifestation of how hate speech can fuel and turn into hate crimes occurred in Hungary during the period 2008-2009, when brutal attacks against randomly chosen, innocent Roma took the lives of six of them, including a 4-year-old boy. During their trial, the suspects, who were subsequently imprisoned, referred to Gypsy criminality and other expressions used in mainstream media, which they believed justified their actions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Civil society has played an essential role in bringing issues of national concern to the attention of regional bodies and the United Nations. Too often, however, their information is neglected or rejected by the State in question and does not lead to action or further investigation. In some cases, a practice of denial of allegations by minorities and those working on their behalf and an adversarial relationship between the State and civil society are evident and result in a failure to appropriately address issues and complaints at all levels. This may reflect a wider political stance on minority communities and their marginalized position. A culture of dialogue should replace a culture of distrust.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- If the Government manifestly demonstrates its refusal or inaction to stop the crimes, collective action should be urgently considered. Under the third pillar of the strategy for the implementation of the responsibility to protect, Member States have the responsibility "to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, including Chapter VII, on a case-by-case basis and in cooperation with relevant regional organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequate and national authorities are manifestly failing to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity" (see A/66/874-S/2012/578, para. 2). Such collective action may include sanctions, embargoes and restrictions on cooperation. Ultimately, the use of force can be authorized by the Security Council. In situations in which there is an imminent or ongoing killing of civilian populations, measures must be established to enable appropriate and rapid intervention.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 24
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- Article 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (see General Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex) states that any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law. The Rabat Plan of Action on the prohibition of advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence represents an important step taken by the international community to assist States in implementing their obligations, and provides guidance on balancing freedom of expression, which is protected under article 19 of the Covenant, with article 20. As recommended in the Plan of Action, States should ensure intercultural dialogue and mechanisms and dialogues to foster intercultural and interreligious understanding and learning. States should also promote human rights education and sensitize law enforcement and security forces.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Education
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 30
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- Caught between warring factions, minorities in Iraq have been the targets of violence for more than a decade. In 2014, the targeting of minorities has continued and intensified under the so-called Islamic State which took control of much of the country. The Special Rapporteur, along with another United Nations expert, issued a press release in July 2014, in which she expressed her grave concern about the physical safety of several minority groups in Iraq, including Christians, Shia, Shabaks, Turkmen and Yazidis, who were being persecuted on the grounds of their religion and ethnicity. She urged the Iraqi Government and the international community to do their utmost to protect vulnerable civilians and minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Humanitarian
- Violence
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 47
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- In a context of armed conflict, the dynamics and evolution of the conflict may create a situation of extreme vulnerability of minorities, even for those not directly party to it, as has been the case in Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic, where it resulted in targeted killing, mass displacement and a humanitarian crisis. Civilian populations frequently bear the greatest cost of conflict and minority civilians may be particularly vulnerable. In some cases, men may join or be forcibly recruited into armed factions or flee attacks, while women are left as heads of household, taking care of family members and property.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Humanitarian
- Violence
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- Men
- Women
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 44
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- Violence against minorities may be committed by extremist, terrorist, far-right or radical ethnic or religious actors who constitute armed groups or insurgents. Such violence may be targeted against specific minorities, as is the case with the Islamic State in Iraq which has targeted religious minorities in areas under its control, or may target and impact diverse communities, as is the case with the violence by Boko Haram in northern regions of Nigeria. The activities of such groups may also serve to destabilize societies in general and create and deepen divisions between population groups. Measures to confront such illegal and violent actors are vital to maintaining inter-ethnic and interreligious harmony.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Violence
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 79
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- In many cases a strong community desire exists to maintain minority languages as a core and indispensable element of culture and identity. Sometimes this is viewed by Governments as divisive and counter to State ideologies and policies to promote national identity, national unity, integration and territorial integrity. In States in which historical, political and geographical factors have created highly diverse communities, disputes over territories and borders and tensions between different national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups may exist. Irrespective of such factors States are obligated to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of linguistic minorities, and restrictions must be in the public interest and proportional to the aims sought.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2013
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Civil society has a vital role to play in detecting the early signs of impending violence, alerting national and international bodies and taking local initiatives to counter it. Violence prevention efforts should not be left only to non-governmental organizations, however. Effective prevention benefits greatly from the full participation of diverse actors, including non-governmental organizations, human rights institutions, businesses, faith groups and community leaders, educational institutions and other stakeholders. Preparing the infrastructure for and promoting a culture of violence prevention necessarily involves many actors with different skills, powers and relationships.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Violence
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Grossly biased versions of historical events
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Disparities in socioeconomic indicators that evidence serious racial discrimination
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 56
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- In view of the potentially important role of the special procedures in identifying well-grounded facts and signs of potential violence and mass atrocity crimes, the Special Rapporteur on minority issues recommends consideration of strengthened channels of communication and information exchange between special procedures and the General Assembly and the Security Council. Improved use of such procedures as Arria-formula meetings to report findings urgently and directly should be considered. In addition, further consideration should be given to measures to enable urgent engagement with all relevant regional and United Nations bodies and the Human Rights Council outside annual reporting schedules.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Forced removal of children
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
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- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Serious patterns of individual attacks on members of minorities
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 51
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- The Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide has produced an analysis framework which comprises eight categories of factors for determining the risk of genocide: inter-group relations, including a record of discrimination and/or other human rights violations committed against a group; circumstances that affect the capacity to prevent genocide; presence of illegal arms and armed elements; motivation of leading actors in the State/region, and acts which serve to encourage divisions among national, racial, ethnic and religious groups; circumstances that facilitate the perpetration of genocide (dynamic factors); genocidal acts; evidence of intent to destroy in whole or in part a national, ethnical, racial or religious group; and triggering factors.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 87
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- Accountability and tackling impunity for violent crimes are essential to ensuring justice and post-violence reconciliation. Transitional justice requires that the truth about the past be investigated and told, the provision of compensation for material and immaterial losses, the return to societal stability and the restoration of full respect for human rights. Perpetrators on all sides must be held accountable as a means of rebuilding societies damaged and fractured by violence and as a deterrent to further violence. Justice and accountability may be achieved in various ways, which can include truth, justice and reconciliation processes; commissions of inquiry; judicial processes; and incorporation of traditional forms of resolution and reconciliation. Such mechanisms have demonstrated an ability to begin a process of healing the wounds inflicted on communities and societies in such cases as Rwanda, South Africa and Northern Ireland.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 32
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- As highlighted by the former Independent Expert, poverty within minority communities is both a cause and a manifestation of the diminished rights, opportunities and social advancement available to the members of minority communities. Their poverty involves more than just a lack of income or a daily struggle for basic sustenance and is frequently based on structural inequality and long-standing discrimination and social exclusion which defy "one-size-fits-all" solutions. Poor minority communities are less able to participate effectively in political decision-making. They suffer from unequal access to education, health care, employment and land. Minorities are more likely to lack citizenship and be stateless, often resulting in their total exclusion from development and human rights initiatives.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 37
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- Research suggests that minorities and indigenous peoples have progressed at a slower rate and even found gaps between them and other communities widening as others benefited from MDG interventions. An issues brief on promoting equality, including social equity, co-authored by UNICEF, UN-Women, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and OHCHR, stated: "The MDGs, in focusing largely on national averages, without addressing inequalities explicitly, may have led to perverse outcomes whereby already-marginalized groups have tended to be 'left until last', thus exacerbating existing inequalities."
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- Ethnic minorities
- Women
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 42
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- The Secretary-General established the United Nations System Task Team on the Post-2015 United Nations Development Agenda in September 2011, which brings together experts from over 50 United Nations entities and international organizations to support the post-2015 consultation process. In its report, Addressing inequalities: The heart of the post-2015 agenda and the future we want for all, it states that: "the era of the MDGs may have inadvertently seen some channeling of resources away from the poorest population groups or from those that are already at a disadvantage because of the effects of discrimination based on their gender, ethnicity, disability or residence … Redressing such discrimination and inequalities will be essential, if global opportunities for progress are to be shared by those most in need of its benefits."
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 36
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- Deficiencies in the MDG framework have been highlighted by minority rights and development experts. A reliance on aggregate results and a continuing lack of disaggregated data collection resulted in very few measurements being made of the progress of minority groups towards the goals. Governments have tended to focus attention on populations that are easiest to reach and issues that were easiest and least costly to address. Minorities are often geographically and socially harder to reach and their issues include long-standing discrimination and social exclusion, which are more difficult to address. Strategies consequently often failed to target minorities and their particular challenges, even where the political will to address the issues of minorities existed.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 42
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- A recent study of Sierra Leone underscores the importance of translation: of individuals interviewed in pretrial detention, 9 per cent did not understand English, the language typically used in the courts.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2015
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 50
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- In core documents emerging from the consultations on the post 2015 agenda, there is little, if any, recognition that minorities experience multiple and intersectional challenges that create vulnerability across a range of areas under consideration. For example, a focus on rural/urban disparities fails to acknowledge that minorities are frequently rural and remote communities with poor access to services and basic needs. Consideration of household wealth disparities rarely makes the link between low income and belonging to a minority. It is often women from disadvantaged minorities who are most affected by poor access to education and decent employment and who suffer multiple discrimination as they are women, members of a minority and poor. When the maps of poverty, access to basic services, gender discrimination, poor housing and population groups are overlaid, minorities stand out as being the most in need. The nexus between minorities, poverty and inequality cannot be ignored.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
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- 2014
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 58
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- Addressing inequality is an overarching goal that, if it is achieved, will inevitably bring with it benefits for disadvantaged minority groups across a wide range of other areas that the post-2015 development agenda consultations are addressing. The rationale behind such an inequalities-based approach is strong, however it must be driven at a global and donor level to overcome barriers of discrimination, power-dynamics, and lack of political will that are often evident at the national level. In the Synthesis Report of the Global Thematic Public Consultation on the Post-2015 Development Agenda focusing on inequalities, it is stated that "there is considerable evidence that inequalities in one structural domain increase the likelihood of inequalities in others. In the event of opportunity for improvements in one domain, the chances of progress are often undermined or rendered inaccessible by simultaneous intersecting disadvantage in another. These intersecting and mutually reinforcing inequalities are often rooted in historical relationships, and continue to be reproduced through discrimination in social, economic, environmental and political domains."
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2014
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 63
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- Minorities frequently live in remote or inaccessible localities and often Government health-care facilities and provision do not reach there. In many countries, the health-care infrastructure, including hospitals or clinics, is simply not available in minority areas. In some cases, health-care provision comes at a cost relating to treatment and drugs that poor communities - often minority communities - cannot afford. The infrastructure to ensure safe drinking water and hygiene facilities may also not reach areas where minorities live. In some cases the provision of health care is also limited due to discrimination. New attention to minorities and strategies to address their health situations are urgently required. A greater understanding of their health needs is essential and requires research and data collection.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 68
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- The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in its general recommendation No. 35 (2013) on combating racist hate speech, stressed the importance of media pluralism to counter racist hate speech and highlighted that it entails "facilitation of access to and ownership of media by minority, indigenous and other groups …, including media in their own languages" (para. 41). Representation of minority groups in the media is a crucial means to promote the participation of minorities in society and to incorporate pluralistic approaches. The Council of Europe has stressed the fundamental role of minority media in both playing a mediating role between communities and providing access to minority networks and to alternative sources of information.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 75
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- The format of the media environment has undergone a dramatic transformation to host Internet and online media platforms, allowing live interaction and more rapid outreach worldwide. In the digital age, media has also widened its scope to include social media, where people share and/or exchange information, ideas and initiatives across vast national and international networks and virtual communities. New forms of online media which allow those who advocate hate speech or cyberhate to easily access large audiences are subject to less regulation than traditional media and provide anonymity to those who wish to exploit it.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 102
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- It is essential to recognize how, in the longer term, hate speech and incitement can endanger social cohesion and create or deepen intercommunal divides and tensions. Action to address hate speech and hate crime must engage majority communities, including politicians, intellectuals, celebrities and ordinary people concerned about discrimination and hatred in their societies, to join marginalized and disadvantaged minorities in demanding human rights, equality and human dignity for all. Such coordinated action must include legislative steps and swift and efficient social responses. If hate incidents are not tackled quickly and effectively, targeted groups may experience permanent damage to their self-esteem and sense of belonging within their societies, increasing their marginalization. Majority communities may gradually become desensitized to the hostility in their societies targeted against minority groups.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 81
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- Recruitment policies that take no formal account of national or ethnic origin, or religious or linguistic background, have tended to result in underrepresentation of minorities in law enforcement institutions. Affirmative action or temporary special measures may therefore be necessary, including at the most senior levels. India has, for example, been implementing a "15-point Programme for the Welfare of Minorities" over nearly a decade, focusing on special consideration for minorities in respect of their recruitment into State and central government police forces, as well as on ensuring that the composition of selection committees are representative of disadvantaged minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 96
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- States should ensure that individuals are not selected for identity checks, questioning, stops and searches, surveillance or other policing measures solely or primarily on the basis of their membership in a minority. Use by the police of their power to conduct identity checks or to stop and search individuals should be based on the requirement of individualized suspicion; and the use of broader preventive powers should be strictly circumscribed. Police should be required to record the reason for stopping, questioning or searching any person and to provide the person with a copy of the record.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 100
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- Conditions of detention or imprisonment, and the relevant staff, should reasonably accommodate the cultural, dietary, religious and linguistic characteristics of minority prisoners.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
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- 2015
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 112
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- National human rights institutions should consider establishing a specific mechanism dedicated to addressing the rights of minorities, including within the criminal justice system.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2015
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 105
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- Discrimination against minorities in jury selection procedures should be explicitly prohibited.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 70
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- Representation of minority groups in mainstream media is essential to ensure diversity in content and in the make-up and structures of media bodies themselves. However, this is hindered by the constant struggle of media organs to survive in competitive marketplaces where priorities are to reach maximum audiences and advertisers. The perception is that those goals can be best achieved by catering to the needs and interests of majority populations, so minority interests, voices and opinions tend be marginalized. The recruitment of journalists and media workers with diverse ethnic, religious and linguistic backgrounds in today's multicultural societies is a pressing need to achieve a more objective and "stereotype-free" media.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 76
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- While digital media has provided new spaces for minority groups to participate in the public debate, the accessibility, rapidness and relative anonymity provided by the Internet also provide fertile ground for spreading hateful content. Hate speech on the Internet adopts many forms and is disseminated through different digital platforms - from highly organized hate groups which recruit, radicalize and instruct followers to attack targeted groups; the issuing of "hit lists" containing calls for violence against individuals; "cyberbullying", which targets primarily youth and often originates from racial, ethnic or religious bias; dissemination of propaganda, misinformation and hate spam; exchange of information and ideas via social media networks, discussion groups, listservs and communities of interest.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Youth
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 25
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- The Special Rapporteur is alarmed by the high number of complaints reaching her about hateful messages and incitement to hatred that have fuelled tensions and often led to hate crimes. In her 2014 report to the General Assembly (A/69/266), she focused on violence and atrocity crimes against minorities and listed cases of attacks against minority groups that she had brought to the attention of Member States concerned, either through communications (letters of allegation or urgent action letters) or public press releases. She believes that more should be done to monitor and react, in a timely manner, to hate speech and incitement to hatred and violence to prevent tensions and violence which damage the entire social fabric, unity and stability of societies. Tolerance and inaction reinforce the subordination of targeted minorities, making them more vulnerable to attacks, but also influencing majority populations and potentially making them more indifferent to the various manifestations of such hatred.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 15
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- According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the scale of global humanitarian needs is higher than ever. As of December 2015, there were an estimated 125 million people in need of humanitarian assistance worldwide. Ongoing humanitarian crises in the Syrian Arab Republic, South Sudan and Iraq, and other natural disasters and medical outbreaks, including the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, have affected the lives of tens of millions of people. Large numbers of people continue to suffer as a result of other new, chronic or recurrent conflicts, crises and disasters. Moreover, currently there are unprecedented numbers of persons displaced worldwide with situations of protracted conflict and violence creating increasingly large numbers of both refugees and internally displaced persons. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner Refugees, by the end of 2015, 65.3 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide; the highest number to date, as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations. Furthermore, an estimated 107.3 million people (also the highest to date) were displaced by disasters.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Health
- Humanitarian
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- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 50
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- The European Court of Human Rights, in its recommendations and jurisprudence on the European Convention on Human Rights, has identified a number of forms of expression which are considered offensive and contrary to the Convention, including racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, aggressive nationalism and discrimination against minorities and immigrants. The Court makes a distinction between genuine and serious incitement to extremism and, on the other hand the right of individuals (including journalists and politicians) to express their views freely and to "offend, shock or disturb" others. Other relevant standards include the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime and its Additional Protocol and the Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on combating certain forms and expression of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
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- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 48
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- The Council of Europe has launched an awareness-raising campaign entitled "Dosta!", which emphasizes the value of Roma for societies through an interactive website, on television, in school projects and training for the media and teachers. It also awards a prize to local authorities that have taken steps to uphold and protect the rights of Roma. The Government of Latvia informed the Special Rapporteur that, in order to implement the "Dosta!" campaign, its Ministry of Culture, together with the Latvian Centre for Human Rights, would organize an event entitled "Latvian Roma - between past and future" in April 2015 in Riga, aimed at eliminating negative stereotypes about Roma and promoting intercultural dialogue.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2015
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 23
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- The protection and promotion of Roma identity means that States have the obligation not only to protect Roma from forced assimilation, but must adopt positive measures that promote the distinctive characteristics of Roma culture, including language, history and tradition. That should be achieved through financial and technical assistance to preserve the Romani language, art, poetry, dance, music and traditions, including their promotion through the media. Roma history and the cultural contribution of Roma must also be recognized and taught in school curricula. In that regard, Roma must be given opportunities for self-interpretation and self-representation.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Equality & Inclusion
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 33
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- The Special Rapporteur also draws attention to particular groups of Roma who may be victims of multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. While many Roma migrate for the full range of reasons that all persons chose to migrate, including to seek new opportunities, the poverty Roma experience in their countries of origin, as well as racism, discrimination and marginalization, are often important push factors. Moreover, once in a destination country, Roma migrants often experience discrimination on multiple grounds, including as Roma and as migrant non-citizens. In that regard, the Special Rapporteur expresses concern about the targeted expulsions of Roma migrants, sometimes undertaken without their free, full and informed consent, including to countries where they are likely to face discrimination. In 2010, about 8,000 Roma were reportedly expelled from France, and cases of the expulsion of Roma from Denmark, Germany, Italy and Sweden were also reported at that time.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 45
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- In Canada, in order to reduce discriminatory policing behaviours, in 2011-2012, training on Roma culture was delivered, as part of the Hate Can Kill project, to Ontario police, including information about the Roma Holocaust, the racially motivated violence experienced by Roma and the lack of trust in police authorities among Roma communities. In parallel, Roma families and young people were also educated on what constitutes a hate crime, on relevant legal instruments and on the importance of reporting hate crimes to the police. Following that training, in 2012 both the Toronto Police Force and the Hamilton Police Force recorded hate crimes reported by people of Roma identity.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- Youth
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- 2015
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 66
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- Outside Europe, there are major gaps with regard to identifying and understanding Roma identity. Many States still continue to deny the existence of Roma as a minority group within their populations, or consider them outsiders, migrants or foreigners. When statistics do exist at the national level, they are often based on censuses, but many Roma do not disclose their identity in census surveys due to a lack of inclusion of the category of Roma as an identity within the census, a reluctance to identify as Roma for fear of being discriminated against, or a lack of options for indicating multiple identities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- Persons on the move
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- 2015
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 73
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- The Special Rapporteur further observes that many policies and programmes fail to adequately incorporate combating racism and anti-Gypsyism in their programming goals. The Special Rapporteur reiterates that there are too many policies based exclusively on improving Roma access to material or social benefits, including educational and/or vocational training. Such policies, she warns, treat symptoms only and do not address the root causes of disadvantage, which lie within deep-seated discriminatory attitudes that have become entrenched over generations. She therefore emphasizes the need to better incorporate anti-discrimination as an overarching element in all strategies and programmes affecting Roma, including through outreach to non-Roma groups on non-discrimination and equal treatment.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- 2015
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 88
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- The Special Rapporteur takes note of efforts to fight anti-Roma discrimination and address Roma marginalization and disadvantage. However, while positive developments and good practices have been identified, her global study has revealed the deep-rooted problems of racism and extreme marginalization experienced by Roma worldwide, and has highlighted the ongoing invisibility of many of these communities' struggles. Her report has also exposed the underlying structural discrimination that Roma face, including the interrelation between anti-Gypsyism and the socioeconomic marginalization and political exclusion that Roma experience.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- Social & Cultural Rights
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- Persons on the move
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- 2015
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 86
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- However, State actors are primarily responsible for the organization and distribution of humanitarian relief. Moreover, there are proven cases of inharmonious or strained relationships between the majority State and the minority-affected groups, which may impact upon relief efforts, including for international organizations where control is maintained at the national level. This is a stark reminder that when human rights are not sufficiently accounted for, the consequences in disaster relief include unequal access to assistance and discrimination, in which aid agencies can become unintentionally complicit.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 98
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- The current global humanitarian context is alarming. Ongoing and protracted conflicts are leading to massive displacement crises: there are unprecedented numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons, and inter-ethnic and interracial tensions and conflict are erupting in nearly every region of the world. Many conflicts threaten to further deteriorate, and new conflicts are emerging. These conflicts are often rooted in power struggles, identity politics, competition for resources, rising income disparities and socioeconomic inequalities, and increasing polarization of societies, making national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities particularly vulnerable; indeed many of the persons who flee their countries for fear of persecution are members of minority groups targeted precisely because of their minority identity. Furthermore, with the impact of climate change, disasters are becoming all too frequent and widespread, further affecting minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
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- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 22
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- The Special Rapporteur stresses that discrimination based on caste and analogous systems exists in many countries. While acknowledging important differences between affected communities in terms of the manifestation, severity and experience of caste-based discrimination, she firmly believes that there are common characteristics to caste and caste-like systems that inherently contradict the principles of human dignity, equality and non-discrimination, particularly differentiated social status, whereby individuals placed in the lowest positions are regarded as "inferior" and "non human". The resulting extreme exclusion and dehumanization of caste-affected groups translates into individuals and communities often being deprived of or severely restricted from enjoying their most basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2016
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 32
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- Dalits constitute the largest caste-affected group in South Asia. They comprise a myriad of sub-caste groups and, although subjected to similar forms of discrimination across the region, the situation of Dalits in caste-affected countries differs for historical and political reasons. Dalits represent the victims of the most grave forms of caste discrimination, are often assigned the most degrading jobs and subjected to forced and bonded labour, have limited or unequal access to resources (including economic resources, land and water) and services, and are disproportionately affected by poverty.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 71
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- Returns following the cessation of conflict have been extensively documented, in particular in connection with the return of Roma from Western Europe to the Balkans. Where deportations take place without consent, minorities may face numerous obstacles to their basic human rights, including lack of access to personal documents and statelessness; problems repossessing their property or obtaining housing; difficulties accessing education, health, employment and social welfare; and separation from family members. In some cases, loss of temporary protection status in host countries and the forced repatriation to their countries of origin, coupled with the lack of adequate policies for the integration of returnees, have resulted in minority communities being forced into continuous migration.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Humanitarian
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 91
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- There are long-lasting consequences for failing to properly integrate principles of non-discrimination and the protection of minorities into disaster response planning. If minorities perceive themselves to have received lesser treatment during such disasters, this may fuel not only distrust in authorities but could actively contribute to fuelling future ethnic conflicts and tensions between the minority communities and other communities or the State. Indeed, and in particular in fragile societies where relationships between minority communities and majorities are already strained, relief and reconstruction responses must not operate as stand-alone natural disaster responses, but also always consider the broader human rights implications of their approaches.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 101
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- To this end, the collection of data disaggregated by ethnicity, religion and language is essential to adequately map affected groups in humanitarian crises and natural disasters. Data collection programmes should allow for diverse forms of self-identification and comply with international standards regarding the right to privacy. Furthermore, national authorities should collect and share data on all causes of displacement in their country. Equality and anti discrimination laws and legal protection of minorities, and other potentially vulnerable groups should be in place and include provisions relating to the prohibition of unlawful displacement.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 25
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- Discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status refers to a form of discrimination based on descent. Because one's caste can be determinative of one's occupation, it is also referred to as "discrimination based on work and descent" and defined as "any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on inherited status such as caste, including present or ancestral occupation, family, community or social origin, name, birthplace, place of residence, dialect and accent that has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life".
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 36
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- In Japan, feudal society stratification during the Tokunaga regime (1603-1867) placed two groups at the bottom of the system, referring to them as the senmin (humble people): the eta (extreme filth) and hinin (non-human). Although the Emancipation Edict was promulgated in 1871 to include the senmin in mainstream society, the Burakumin, as their descendants are now known, continue to be considered as an outcast group, subjected to prejudice and discrimination, including in employment, education and marriage, and physically segregated in Buraku districts. Official figures estimate the total Buraku population to be 1.2 million; however, unofficial figures place the number at almost 3 million.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
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- 2016
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 52
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- The draft United Nations principles and guidelines for the effective elimination of discrimination based on work and descent constitute a comprehensive framework to assist multiple stakeholders, including States, United Nations agencies and civil society organizations, in identifying caste-based discrimination and in implementing measures to combat such discrimination. The draft principles and guidelines formulate specific recommendations to States to develop and implement a legal framework explicitly prohibiting discrimination based on work and descent and establish plans of action to enforce the abolition of untouchability and segregation at the national and local levels. They also recommend that States conduct surveys and research on affected communities, and combat discrimination based on work and descent in multiple areas, including physical security, protection against violence, access to justice, equal political participation, employment, health, food, water, housing and education.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- 2016
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 112
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- Specific constitutional or legislative provisions establishing reservations or quota systems for caste-affected groups have been adopted in some countries. In India, the Constitution and its amendments permit special measures for the social and educational advancement of marginalized communities, including scheduled castes, and provide reservations of electoral seats in the Lower House and state legislatures for scheduled castes. The new Constitution of Nepal contains several provisions for safeguarding the rights of Dalits, including in employment, education and health care, and articulates a political system based on proportional representation for disadvantaged groups, including Dalits, minorities and women, at the local and national levels.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Economic Rights
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- Ethnic minorities
- Women
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 45
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- The 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees (Cartagena Declaration) is heralded as a key accomplishment in the development of the refugee protection regime in the Americas. Adopting a broad definition of who can be considered a refugee, it goes beyond the definition contained in article 1(A) of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, by extending to "persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order." Although not binding, some States have adopted it into their national law.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 40
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- UNHCR's Age, Gender and Diversity policy (2011) specifically addresses diversity, which is understood as referring to "different values, attitudes, cultural perspectives, beliefs, ethnic background, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, ability, health, social status, skill and other specific personal characteristics" (see sect. II.5). It further acknowledges that "women and men belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities or indigenous groups often experience discrimination and marginalization, factors that are compounded in forced displacement situations. Age, gender and other specific factors may expose them to additional protection risks and discrimination." It therefore advises UNHCR staff to work closely with minority and indigenous groups to identify the risks they face as well as strategies to mitigate them, which is of fundamental importance (see sect. V.23).
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 91
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- In Japan, the dropout rate for Buraku high school students is reported to be two to three times the national average. In addition, despite modest increases in college enrolment, the percentage of Buraku university students is still well below the national average. In Yemen, 80 per cent of the Muhamasheen are reported to be illiterate and suffer extreme poverty. In Mauritania, over 80 per cent of the Haratine do not complete primary school; they constitute only 5 per cent of students pursuing higher education. In Madagascar, most of the Andevo are reportedly illiterate. In Senegal, civil society reports state that children from lower castes were prevented from sitting with classmates from higher castes.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Poverty
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- Children
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- 2016
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Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 54
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- To date, the present Special Rapporteur and the previous mandate holder together sent a total of 26 communications to Member States jointly with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, addressing situations whereby minority rights defenders were targeted because of their work. Some of them suffered reprisals, arrest and detention, as well as expulsion, in connection with their human rights activities. The Special Rapporteur raises her deep concerns about cases of reprisals against minority rights defenders, and urges minority activists to inform her Office whenever any intimidation or reprisal occurs in connection with their work, so that appropriate action can be taken.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
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- Activists
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Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 63
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- While the Special Rapporteur fully respects the principle of self-identification, she considers that further efforts are necessary to fully convey the meaning, scope and implications of the term "minority" to minority groups themselves, so that the term can be reclaimed and used with the empowering intent it actually holds. She reiterates that the term "minority" does not imply any inferiority or diminished status in any way, but rather the recognition that the principles of equality and non-discrimination are not fulfilled for certain groups. Minority protection entitles persons belonging to minorities to specific rights, imposing concrete obligations on States to ensure the survival and continued development of the cultural, religious and social identity of the minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 70
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- The Special Rapporteur has been particularly alarmed by the limited, or often complete lack, of minority presence in political and public offices. She has repeatedly stressed throughout her tenure the need to ensure that minorities are included in all decision-making processes, including in municipal and government structures, law enforcement bodies, the judiciary, legislative bodies, criminal justice systems and all authorities, especially when their decisions affect minorities. Without their participation, such bodies are less able to make vital decisions in a way that benefits the entire society, and they will also be less trusted by minorities, who might be reluctant to access them, or discouraged from doing so.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
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- Social & Cultural Rights
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Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 76
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- The Special Rapporteur often came across gaps between the ambitious policies, legislation, action plans and programmes on minorities, on the one hand, and the lack of mechanisms in place to actually carry them out or monitor their implementation, on the other. She is concerned that during her tenure, several countries had difficulties in identifying the most relevant governmental departments in charge of minorities and even when they did so, their capacities in terms of staff, budget and authority often did not meet the necessary minimum standards to provide effective attention to and protection of minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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- Ethnic minorities
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- 2017
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Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 111
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- Outside South Asia, constitutional references to "caste" are limited. Examples include the constitutions of Burkina Faso (arts. 1 and 23) and Mauritius (art. 16.3). Some constitutions do not list "caste" as one of the prohibited grounds for discrimination, but provide specific references to discrimination based on analogous systems of inherited status. For example, in Japan constitutional provisions prohibit discrimination based on, inter alia, "race, social status or family origin" (art. 14). In the Constitution of Somalia, "clan" affiliation is one of the prohibited grounds for discrimination (art. 11).
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
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- Families
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- 2016
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Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 48
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- The Special Rapporteur appreciated the work undertaken by her predecessor to highlight the situation of minorities in the context of the Millennium Development Goals, work that was highly important as the international community approached the 2015 deadline for achieving the Goals. She decided to dedicate a thematic report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/25/56) to ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post-2015 development agendas.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 85
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- The Sri Lanka experience contributed to the development of the Secretary-General's "Rights up front" initiative which seeks to ensure better organizational preparedness to meet the challenges of safeguarding human rights and protecting civilians in complex crises.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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- All
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- 2014
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 77
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- Furthermore, during conflicts, natural disasters and other emergencies, sexual and reproductive health needs are easily overlooked: This may be particularly compounded for minority women who may be less able to access already limited humanitarian services during crises, for many of the reasons noted above.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Health
- Humanitarian
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- Ethnic minorities
- Women
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- 2016
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 16
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- The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies (2006) are of cross-cutting importance, providing guidance on representativeness of police and enhancing communication between police and minority communities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
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- 2015
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- In diverse societies, particularly those in which violence or conflict have previously existed, holistic, inclusive and proactive approaches to law enforcement incorporate such positive practices into a law enforcement and protection strategies. This helps to avoid reactive responses to violence that are frequently inadequate and come too late. Risk assessment methodologies incorporating analysis of past violent events, employed by law enforcement bodies, can enable authorities and others to assess the extent to which certain communities may face the threat of violence and to rapidly respond.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- In its commentary on the Declaration, the Working Group on Minorities stated that the right to participate in all aspects of the life of the larger national society was essential, both in order for persons belonging to minorities to promote their interests and values and to create an integrated but pluralist society based on tolerance and dialogue (see E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.5/2005/2, para. 35). The Working Group also emphasized that effective participation required representation in legislative, administrative and advisory bodies, and more generally in public life (ibid., para. 44).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- As the Secretary-General affirmed in his report, early warning does not equate with early action (A/64/864, para. 19). States and international organizations remain reluctant to take action until violence has started. That is regrettable. Too much of the engagement of the international community is too late on the conflict continuum that spans from grievances to violence. As conflict situations escalate, the human costs on the ground and the political and financial costs to the international community escalate exponentially.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- It is the view of the independent expert that much bloodshed and suffering and many setbacks in the process of national development could be avoided if Governments took a proactive approach to minority rights, putting protections in place long before tensions erupted. Societies in which mechanisms are in place allowing minorities freely to use their language, practice their culture and religion, and participate in political and economic life on an equal footing with the rest of the population are less likely to be societies in which tensions deteriorate into violent conflict.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Poor education and economic opportunities commonly affect women members of disadvantaged minorities disproportionately. Women may face a scarcity of employment opportunities and discriminatory hiring practices based on prejudice against their minority group. Women generally share a disproportionate burden of care-giving, especially when poverty denies any possible respite or help. The heavy burden imposed on individuals and entire communities by the lack of options often fuels a disturbing culture of domestic violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination is a key cause of the widespread marginalization of minorities in societies worldwide. It is also an obstacle to the effective participation of minorities. Discrimination can take different forms. Certain segments of minority populations are exposed to multiple forms of discrimination; in addition to being discriminated against on account of their belonging to a national or ethnic, religious or linguistic minority, they are discriminated against because of their gender, age, disability, sexual orientation or other grounds.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The reality - and often the perception - of discrimination in access to any kind of resources, whether in relation to jobs, land ownership, political power or natural resources, is a strong driver of conflict. The 1992 Declaration on Minorities states, in article 4, paragraph 1, that "States shall take measures where required to ensure that persons belonging to minorities may exercise fully and effectively all their human rights and fundamental freedoms without any discrimination and in full equality before the law".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- States should collect disaggregated data concerning the access of all sectors of society to economic opportunities and political decision-making. Data should be disaggregated by ethnicity and gender to highlight patterns of inequality that have an impact on minority women in different ways than on minority men. Data collection programmes should be designed with the involvement of representatives of minority communities, should allow for diverse forms of self-identification and should provide effective guarantees of data protection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- United Nations country teams should analyse the extent to which discrimination on ethnic, religious and linguistic grounds creates disparities in outcomes relating to their programming. Country teams should promote and support the collection of disaggregated data on minorities. All existing programmes should be assessed and revised based on that analysis. Minority communities should participate fully at all stages of programming from research and design to monitoring and evaluation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- States should collect disaggregated data concerning the access of all sectors of society to economic opportunities and political decision-making. Data should be disaggregated by ethnicity and gender to highlight patterns of inequality that have an impact on minority women in different ways than on minority men. Data collection programmes should be designed with the involvement of representatives of minority communities, should allow for diverse forms of self-identification and should provide effective guarantees of data protection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Too often the media regrettably falls short of required norms and sometimes plays a negative role. Nevertheless, the media can play a significant role in overcoming derogatory stereotyping, negative profiling and stigmatization of persons based on their religion or belief, which is essential in order to ensure understanding and respect of those various groups. Positive examples include the production of factual programmes about and by religious minorities, positive news, and debate and discussion during prime viewing hours.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Minority communities are not homogenous and it is important to understand the challenges facing those, including women, children and the elderly, whose needs, perceptions and expectations may vary. Older people, who may be first-generation immigrants, may have stronger linguistic and cultural ties than young people who have been brought up and educated in their country of residence. They may face greater challenges in learning and adapting to the national language and require culturally sensitive, affordable and accessible assistance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Minorities should take an active role in advocating for their rights as enshrined in the Declaration on Minorities and in being active and effective agents of change. They need to organize themselves to successfully partner with various decision-makers to express their needs and take necessary steps towards the full realization of their minority rights. Importantly they should be active in their efforts to participate effectively in political life at both national and local levels.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The international donor community should clearly recognize the need to give attention to disadvantaged minorities and ensure that, at the global level, this is reflected in the process of developing a new set of development goals and in the goals themselves. At the national level, donors should ensure that sufficient resources are provided to States to support their activities and are directed towards projects and programmes meeting the needs of the most disadvantaged minority communities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Marginalization of minority groups means that they are more likely to rely on free legal aid. Failure by a State to ensure a system adequate in scope and resources particularly impacts minorities. Further, minorities are often unaware of the availability of legal aid or of how to access it, despite the obligation to provide such information. Minorities may not receive equal access to or quality of legal aid, notwithstanding that international standards include an obligation of non discrimination and recognize that special measures should be taken to ensure meaningful access for minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Judicial guarantees, as provided in article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, must be fully respected with regard to any member of a minority group, including: the right to be informed in a language that he or she understands of the reason for arrest and any charges; the right to be promptly brought before a judge; the right to trial within a reasonable time; and the right to challenge the lawfulness of detention. Too often, the authorities are less diligent in respecting these guarantees when the person is a member of a minority.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The communications reports also reveal acts of harassment, intimidation, violence and sexual abuse, including: threats against activists and lawyers who represent religious minorities; attempts at forcible conversion or recantation under threat of death; threats, interrogation, abduction and kidnapping; deportation, expulsion, disappearances and death threats; forced labour and torture in order to obtain false confessions; searches and raids of homes, and confiscation of property; hate-motivated attacks on property; and mob violence, suicide bombings and execution.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Based on the four pillars of minority rights concern - protection of existence, protection and promotion of identity, non-discrimination and equality, and participation in public life - the Independent Expert highlights below a number of issues with regard to the rights of religious minorities and areas of concern that require particular attention by States, regional bodies and the international human rights regime. Those issues are not exhaustive, and space constraints preclude a full discussion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- The anonymity of the Internet poses particular challenges when it comes to tracking and prosecuting the authors of content that might incite hatred and violence. Material can be shared worldwide and hosted by Internet service providers (ISPs) subject to various legislations with diverse degrees of protection against hate speech. Racist hate websites are commonly hosted in jurisdictions considered favourable to or tolerant of hate speech and can easily relocate to another permissive jurisdiction if blocked or banned.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Independent regulatory bodies, such as media watchdogs, councils and ombudsmen, monitor media reporting, identify and report on hateful content and reinforce ethical standards. However, regulatory media bodies must not unduly censor media sources and must comply with international standards. The Press Council in Bosnia-Herzegovina monitors the application of the Press Code and the investigation of complaints. In 2014, in the context of the general elections campaign, it launched the campaign "STOP! Hate Speech!".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Following her thematic study on the rights of linguistic minorities, the Special Rapporteur produced the handbook "Language rights of linguistic minorities: a practical guide for implementation", which is available in all six official languages of the United Nations on the mandate's website. This linguistic guide aims to serve as a practical tool to assist policymakers and right holders to have a better understanding of linguistic rights as well as to provide best practices that could be replicated in different contexts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Estimates indicate that over 250 million people suffer from caste-based discrimination worldwide. Though the highest numbers of affected communities are concentrated in South Asia, particularly India and Nepal, discrimination on the grounds of caste or analogous status is a global phenomenon and can be found in other geographical contexts, including in Africa, the Middle East and the Pacific region, as well as in diaspora communities. Although the following examples are not exhaustive, they aim to be illustrative of caste-affected communities in different regions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Allocation of labour on the basis of caste is one of the core pillars of caste and caste like systems, with lower castes typically confined to "polluting", "filthy" or "impure" tasks and occupations. This labour division is characterized by its extreme rigidity and exclusion, preventing individuals from the lowest strata from changing occupations and largely hindering their labour mobility. Attempts to challenge the established order may result in social punishment, including physical and psychological aggression and community boycotts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Stateless persons are particularly vulnerable as they do not enjoy the right to nationality or any of the corresponding human and civil rights, and they may be targeted, or not adequately protected, by national authorities. In times of humanitarian crises, conflict or natural disasters, this lack of protection can be particularly acute. Statelessness can often be a root cause of forced displacement, particularly in times of crises. Forced displacement can in turn heighten the risks of becoming stateless, particularly as documents may be lost in flight.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- Outside South Asia, information on caste-affected women and girls is scarce. In Japan, a survey by the Buraku Liberation League revealed that Buraku women experienced discrimination in a wide range of areas, including marriage, employment and health care, and approximately 30 per cent had suffered from sexual violence. In Mauritania, Haratine women are reported to be at greater risk of violence, in both the public and private spheres, and to suffer from high levels of sexual violence, including rape and marital rape, domestic violence and sexual assault.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 129
- Paragraph text
- States should conduct awareness-raising campaigns at the national and local levels, targeting both affected communities and the wider public to sensitize them against caste discrimination and analogous forms of such discrimination. These campaigns should inform the public about the various manifestations, legal prohibitions and penalties associated with caste discrimination, and victims should be informed of their rights and available means of legal recourse to bring to light caste-based discriminatory practices and obtain redress.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- Reports indicate that discriminatory practices against Dalits in humanitarian response include priority given to dominant castes in rescue operations; denial of or unequal access to relief camps, food, water, health services, shelter, housing and education; segregation in camp facilities; prohibition of use of the common sanitation facilities; segregation in commensal groups; lack of compensation or restitution of assets due to lack of documentation to claim entitlements related to land and property; and lack of participation of affected communities in decision-making regarding reconstruction.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Gross inequalities and persistent poverty are frequently elements in the complex social, economic and geopolitical equations which lead to conflict and violence. Discrimination is a cause and a consequence of inequality and poverty and, under certain circumstances, including where land and resources are scarce, results in communities made vulnerable to violence. Addressing inequality and promoting equitable societies are key conflict and violence prevention measures.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that authorities effectively and promptly investigate any crimes against Roma individuals and communities, including by investigating any alleged discriminatory motive behind the attacks. Police officers should refrain from using force during police operations, including in informal settlements, and all allegations of harassment or unlawful use of force by police should be thoroughly investigated.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Année
- 2015
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Economic exclusion and denial of access to quality education bring about a sense of despair and destroy hopes of upward mobility. As such they are often a central grievance and a source of tensions. International standards on non discrimination, including the Declaration, place an obligation on States to institute affirmative action policies to correct historical patterns of exclusion and enable members of minorities to achieve equality. Many States have recognized the corrosive nature of inequalities and have implemented such measures. Affirmative action programmes can, however, be a point of contention for majority communities, in particular when poorer members of majority communities perceive that they are losing out. It is important that Governments exercise leadership in educating the larger public, demonstrating that such programmes are based on the principles of justice and equal opportunity and result in fairer and more stable society.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe has established a specific mechanism to address conflicts involving minorities, the High Commissioner on National Minorities. The mandate is informed by the minority rights provisions contained in the Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (29 June 1990). The High Commissioner acts as an early warning and early action mechanism, primarily through the use of preventive diplomacy. The High Commissioner can visit countries where tensions have arisen between a minority and the State and engage with representatives of both sides. The High Commissioner uses a problem-solving approach to break down the externally voiced positions into an analysis of needs, interests and aspirations, and propose constructive solutions based on a broad knowledge of approaches worldwide.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The effective and meaningful participation of minorities in the political arena can be a pivotal element in avoiding violent conflict. While members of minorities have the right to participate in decision-making processes, particularly those that affect them, as established in article 2 (3) of the Declaration, the reality is often quite different. Minorities are greatly underrepresented in the political processes and governing institutions of most countries for a variety of reasons. They may be intentionally restricted from participation or inadvertently disadvantaged by laws or policies, or there may be a lack of political will to dismantle structural barriers to the full and equal participation of minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- A prime example is the constitutional arrangement derived from the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Annexes thereto (Dayton Peace Agreement) (A/50/790). According to the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, membership in the House of Peoples and the Presidency are reserved solely to those who identify as belonging to one of the "constituent peoples". That provision has been found by the European Court of Human Rights to violate international legal protections against discrimination on racial or ethnic grounds, and specifically the rights of persons belonging to ethnic groups other than the Bosniacs, Serbs or Croats. Sustainable peace is highly dependent on the participation of all population groups in peace negotiations and resulting State institutional arrangements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Economic exclusion is a cause, a manifestation and a consequence of discrimination against persons belonging to minorities. Many minorities have historically been excluded from full and effective participation in economic life, both in the developed and in the developing world. Minorities are often discriminated against when they seek employment, for example, on the basis of their colour, their religion, their language, their names, or even their addresses. Minorities are often poorly represented even in public sector employment and despite legislation that bans discrimination in both public and private sectors. They may face barriers in accessing credit or loans to begin small businesses and may live in the poorest regions or remote areas that offer limited prospects for their economic development. Equally, large-scale economic development projects or commercial activities carried out on the lands and territories where minorities live without their prior consultation has had negative impacts, including displacement, the perpetuation of poverty and, in some cases, violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- It is for these reasons that the independent expert on minority issues chose effective political participation as the theme of the second session of the Forum on Minority Issues, held in Geneva on 12 and 13 November 2009. It should be underscored from the outset that the right of minorities to effective political participation does not encompass separatist movements. Rather, the intent is to ensure the inclusion of all persons belonging to minorities in a just and fair society. This background document summarizes the relevant basic international legal principles, the preconditions for ensuring effective political participation, and some of the models and conceptual tools that States are using in order to meet their international obligations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- In Guyana, a project carried out jointly by the Department of Political Affairs and UNDP seeks to build national capacities for the promotion of reconciliation between ethnic groups, including through the creation of committees to enable community representatives to work out their issues themselves. In Indonesia, the Bureau spent two years working with Christian and Muslim communities, providing space for reconciliation and consensus-building. Issues such as access to civil service jobs and perceptions of respect for ethnic and religious identity were addressed. Significant improvements were achieved in the level of understanding between the communities and in the level of security.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
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The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Minorities are too often seen as a threat to the State and/or national unity. Governments may hold the erroneous views that national unity is fragile or that new States can be achieved only through the denial or disregard of distinctive aspects of the identity of minorities; that demands by minorities for an equal voice in policymaking will dissipate central authority; that respect for minority languages produces cleavages between ethnic groups or translates into prohibitive government expenditures; or that culturally defined production methods have no place in a modern economy. In such situations Governments may become nervous when ethnic, religious or linguistic groups attempt to assert their identity. There may be an assumption that what those groups want is to separate themselves from the State. However, many conflicts involving minorities start as peaceful demands to be included in the society on the basis of equal treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Effective participation in decision-making processes, particularly in those which have an impact on minorities, is a precondition for the full and equal enjoyment of the human rights of persons belonging to them. There are at least two key lessons to be drawn. The first is the truly essential nature of the right to effective participation: the fulfilment of so many other fundamental human rights is both dependent on and a prerequisite for its fulfilment. The second lesson is that the effectiveness of the political participation of minorities must constantly be evaluated and at all levels of society, in order to ensure that it is real and meaningful. A full set of recommendations can be found in document A/HRC/13/25.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The right to effective participation is a fundamental human right, affirmed in a number of key international legal instruments. Effective participation underpins the realization of all human rights of women and men belonging to ethnic or national, religious and linguistic minorities. It is through effective participation that a person expresses and protects her or his identity, ensuring the survival and dignity of the minority. The right to effective participation recognizes the fact that the participation of minorities in various areas of life is essential for the development of a truly inclusive and just society.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- A central issue in relation to the political participation of minorities is how to determine that the quality of participation is truly "effective". When considering whether participation of persons belonging to minorities is effective, two of the most important aspects of participation must be examined. The first relates to the means which promote full and effective equality of persons belonging to minorities. The second assesses the impact of these means on the situation of the persons concerned and on the society as a whole. This impact may be viewed differently by different actors, depending on their engagement in the processes. It is not sufficient for States to ensure formal participation of persons belonging to minorities; States must also ensure that the participation of minority representatives has a substantial influence on decisions which are taken, so that there is, as far as possible, a shared ownership of the decisions taken.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Minorities are often the targets, rather than the perpetrators, of violence. When minority rights are violated, members of minorities may be at a greater risk of being subjected to systematic violence, even when they are bystanders to a conflict involving other parties. Such incidents can happen as a result of minorities' poverty and exclusion from political decision-making processes, or because their often remote communities, poorly served by State infrastructure, can become targets for occupation for strategic purposes or for exploitation of natural resources. Furthermore, owing to the suspicion and prejudice with which they are often viewed by both members of the majority and security forces, minorities may be targeted with impunity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Several factors and challenges can exacerbate this exclusion of minorities, including deteriorating economic conditions, ethnic tensions and rising discrimination. In some countries, unequal regional distribution of resources and services as well as lack of basic infrastructure in regions where minorities live often have the effect of excluding them from fully exercising their economic and social rights. The past decade has also brought into the picture new and unanticipated challenges, including the global food and economic crises that have been proven to have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable groups and minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Arguments for special measures which could ensure the participation of minorities in public bodies are based on the fact that because of their smaller number, minorities can hardly ever determine the outcome of decisions in a majoritarian democracy. In practice, minorities tend to be outvoted, unable to secure representation proportionate with their numbers, thus denying them an effective voice in the public and political life of States. The rationale for special measures is not, as is frequently perceived, to create a privileged position for minorities, but rather to level the playing field, placing minorities in the same position as majorities. Being involved in national political and social processes, contributing to policymaking and participating in (and benefiting from) public services should help to counter marginalization and alienation. States that welcome the participation and integration of minorities tend not only to be more stable, but also more prosperous.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- The special procedures of the Human Rights Council, including the independent expert on minority issues, and the treaty monitoring bodies are well placed to identify the warning signs of impending conflicts, including those affecting minorities. In October 2009, a United Nations round table on special procedures entitled "Early Warning and Emerging Issues" was held in New York. Participants emphasized the contribution that these mechanisms can make to a better understanding of complex situations, for example involving systemic exclusion and discrimination of certain minority groups. Participants recommended strengthening the capacity of the special procedures to contribute to early warning, including by ensuring that their recommendations were communicated more effectively to the United Nations field presences, and ensuring that data revealing patterns of severe abuses were communicated as early warnings.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minorities and effective political participation: a survey of law and national practices 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination which inhibits the political participation of minorities may manifest itself in, among others: a type of electoral system which negatively affects minority representation; political parties which are adverse to minority issues and minority membership; widespread prejudice among the electorate which punishes parties willing to include minority candidates or voice minority issues; media which are hostile to minority concerns and participation. Given the centrality of the issue of discrimination to the right to effective participation, Governments should consider instituting independent monitoring and individual complaints mechanisms, such as the ombudsperson's function adopted in a number of countries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In his landmark report to the Millennium Assembly of the United Nations in 2000, the Secretary-General stated that in many countries at war, the condition of poverty was coupled with sharp ethnic or religious cleavages, and that almost invariably, the rights of subordinate groups were insufficiently respected, the institutions of Government were insufficiently inclusive and the allocation of society's resources favoured the dominant faction over others. He added that the solution was clear: to promote human rights, to protect minority rights and to institute political arrangements in which all groups were represented, and that every group needed to become convinced that the State belonged to all people (A/54/2000, paras. 202-203).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Institutionalizing expertise in minority rights before tensions arise enhances the potential to identify problems early and implement effective prevention measures. Under her mandate, the Independent Expert has noted that among the essential elements of strategies to prevent conflicts involving minorities are: respect for minority rights; dialogue between minorities and majorities; and the constructive development of practices and institutional arrangements to accommodate diversity. In the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001 States were urged to recognize that techniques, mechanisms, policies and programmes for reconciling conflicts based on factors related to race, colour, descent, language, religion, or national or ethnic origin and for developing harmonious multiracial and multicultural societies needed to be systematically considered and developed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Children and young people belonging to minority groups may face unique challenges and vulnerability owing to issues including poverty and discrimination. Institutions whose work centres on children's and youth issues and education should ensure that their mandates and working practices, projects and programme initiatives are relevant and accessible to minorities. Innovative projects can benefit individual children and may provide venues and opportunities for interaction among young people from different communities, particularly when intercultural and integration perspectives are given attention. Governments may consider supporting specialist civil society youth initiatives. Institutions established to support young people, protect them from possible abuse or exploitation, and provide them with information should also ensure that their services reach and are accessible to those from minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- A frequent source of conflict worldwide is discrimination and inequality in relation to land and property. For minority communities, often located in remote rural areas, the land and territories on which they live are a source of food security and income generation as well as being vital to the preservation of minority cultures, traditions and collective identity. However, some minorities find that their rights to own, occupy and use land are limited or violated and they may find themselves displaced or evicted, in some cases to make way for national economic development schemes, the activities of multinational corporations or for natural resources development. Land and property issues should consequently be given close attention in respect of conflict prevention.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The commentary of the Working Group on Minorities of the former Commission on Human Rights to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.5/2005/2) notes that "States should establish advisory or consultative bodies involving minorities within appropriate institutional frameworks. They should be attributed political weight and effectively consulted on issues affecting the minority population". Advisory and consultative bodies can be permanent or ad hoc. They help to institutionalize dialogue between government and minority representatives and to ensure that minority issues are reflected in local and ideally national policy- and decision-making processes. Appropriate advisory and consultative bodies should therefore exist at the national level and at regional and local levels, where challenges affecting minorities frequently manifested themselves.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Data disaggregated along ethnic and religious lines and sex reveal inequalities and are a vital resource for informing policy and programming on minority issues. Data allow targets and objectives to be established based on identified concerns which may include education access and outcomes, labour-market activity, health and housing and provide justification for targeted programmes. National statistical bodies and other relevant government bodies should be mandated to collect disaggregated data as a good practice and develop internal expertise on minority issues, and utilize data collection and analysis methodologies relevant to ethnicity, religion, language and identity. Most countries hold regular national censuses and relevant questions should be included that adhere to personal data protection standards. Specialist attention would allow appropriate indicators to be identified and utilized to assess the relative situation of minorities and the impact of programmes, as measured against established targets.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Governments can be important sources of support and funding for non governmental organizations. Even where Governments establish institutional attention to minority issues, they may consider providing institutionalized support to non-governmental organizations and community groups working with and on behalf of minorities, including in the context of specific services and projects. They should also assist in the establishment of, and provide support to, minority media that provide an essential service and information delivery mechanisms for minorities. However, service provision by non-governmental organizations should not be considered a viable substitute for dedicated Government attention to minority issues and Government-led provision of essential services and allocation of financial resources necessary to improve the living conditions and protect the rights of minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- States should involve members of all minority groups in conflict prevention and peacebuilding initiatives.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Disadvantaged minorities are often poorly placed with respect to accessing information and services. Poverty, socioeconomic disadvantages, remote localities, and education or language barriers are obstacles to obtaining services and engaging institutions. Some may have negative experiences of interactions with institutions which may not have met their expectations or addressed their concerns. Institutions should establish channels and processes of communication and consultation with minorities and build trust with minority communities. Efforts to raise awareness of the institution and services should target minorities and include advertising in and through minority media and in minority localities. Publications, information and services should be available in minority languages, including through dedicated websites.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
The role and activities of national institutional mechanisms in promoting and protecting minority rights 2012, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Some States take approaches that allow varying degrees of regional, territorial or political autonomy. Where minorities are geographically concentrated, decentralized forms of government often allow minorities a stronger role in institutions and decision-making bodies. In appropriate circumstances, States have devolved power, and created autonomous or other sub-State divisions or federal systems that may enable minorities to have a more significant and direct impact on matters affecting them. The concept of "subsidiarity" promotes decision-making at the lowest level of government consistent with the goals to be attained and is highlighted as valuable in the context of minority rights, including in recommendations of the Forum on Minority Issues on minorities and effective political participation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert encourages all United Nations Member States to consider undertaking activities in their countries and regions to mark the 20th anniversary and to promote awareness of the United Nations Declaration amongst minority communities and within wider society generally. Such activities could include the establishment of a national day for minorities during which the cultures and traditions of minority groups are celebrated and the contributions of minorities to society through history and in the present day are highlighted. Initiatives in the field of education and information for young people from all communities could also be envisaged.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Forum drew greater attention to the situation of minority women in the agendas of the various stakeholders working on human rights, minority rights and women's rights by establishing closer cooperation among them. It also gave space to, inter alia, minority women's rights and feminist movements and networks, and provided concrete and practical examples to all participants on how to give visibility to the rights of minority women. Participants had the opportunity to highlight challenges as well as positive initiatives and good practices for the protection and promotion of the rights of minority women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Under article 1 of the Declaration on Minorities, States are required to protect the existence and religious identity of persons belonging to religious minorities and encourage conditions for the promotion of that identity. Article 2 establishes that persons belonging to religious minorities have the right to profess and practise their own religion, in private and in public, freely and without interference or any form of discrimination. Particularly relevant to the rights of religious minorities are the provisions in article 2 relating to the right to establish and maintain their own associations and to establish and maintain free and peaceful contacts with other members of their group, as well as contacts across frontiers, with citizens of other States to whom they are related by religious ties.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert notes with concern that a number of States maintain national ideologies or policies that impose restrictive criteria relating to official recognition of minority status. This may result in approaches to human rights, socio-economic policy, development, and poverty reduction, for example, that may fail to recognize the distinct circumstances, problems and experiences, including experiences of discrimination and exclusion, of persons belonging to disadvantaged national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups. Approaches which do not recognize minorities, or acknowledge that certain population groups may face distinct challenges, do not allow for the opportunity for key tools and resources for non-discrimination and equality to be employed, including the use of disaggregated data and affirmative action measures targeted towards disadvantaged minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (see General Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex) provides that in those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, or to use their own language. Article 27, which is the most important, is a legally binding treaty provision dedicated to minorities. Its scope extends beyond freedom of religion or belief, while fully preserving the substance of the provisions of article 18 on freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Nazila Ghanea, however, has pointed out the dearth of consideration of religious minorities as minorities in the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee on article 27 and their overall exclusion to date from consideration under article 27.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Committee has recognized that the situation of non-traditional minority religions and beliefs gives cause for concern and has noted a tendency to discriminate against newly established religious and belief groups, and hostility against them. Consequently, in its General Comment 22, the Committee stressed that the terms "belief" and "religion" should be broadly construed and that application of article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights must not be limited to traditional or predominant religions. The State must therefore also ensure non-discrimination and equal enjoyment of human rights for smaller, dispersed or newly arrived religious communities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The violations faced by religious minorities lie at the intersection of a number of realities, including the State's religion or ideology relationship, the State's demographic makeup, the constitutional and legislative framework, the personal status laws, intercommunal relationships and the role of non-State actors - each of them and their combined effect have a profound impact on the human rights situation of religious minorities. Historical, geopolitical and inter-State factors may in some cases exacerbate the discrimination, exclusion and vulnerability experienced by religious minorities. National and international human rights responses to the challenges faced by religious minorities must seek to uphold their equal enjoyment of international human rights, including through the protection and promotion of minority rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Independent Expert adopts an inclusive approach to which groups fall within the scope of "religious minority". She is guided by the Human Rights Committee's General Comment 23 (50) (art. 27) which emphasizes that the existence of an ethnic, religious or linguistic minority in a given State party does not depend upon a decision by that State party but is required to be established by objective criteria (see CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.5, para. 5.2). She recognizes the right to self-identify as belonging to a religious minority or not to do so, and does not limit her attention to officially recognized groups. Consequently, references to "religious minorities" encompass a broad range of religious or belief communities, traditional and non-traditional, whether recognized by the State or not, and include more recently established faith or belief groups that seek the protection of their rights under minority rights standards. Non-believers, atheists or agnostics may also face challenges and discrimination and require protection of their rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Article 2 outlines that minorities have the right to establish and maintain their own associations (art. 2, para. 4); and to establish and maintain, without any discrimination, free and peaceful contacts with other members of their group and with persons belonging to other minorities, as well as contacts across frontiers with citizens of other States to whom they are related (art. 2, para. 5). Article 2 underscores the right to participate effectively in cultural, religious, social, economic and public life and to participate effectively in decisions on the national and, where appropriate, regional level concerning the minority to which they belong or the regions in which they live.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Understood and implemented in human rights terms, minority rights aim to guarantee equality, not to provide privileges. Minority rights ensure equality for persons and communities who share characteristics they wish to maintain along with others, but which are held by those who are not dominant in terms of numbers or power. Even among those States that support minority rights, there may be a particular challenge entailed in relating minority rights standards to religious minorities. Even legal regimes that allow for religious pluralism but do not take account of minority status may fall short of the positive obligations that are owing to and required by religious minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Positive obligations of States are further emphasized in the requirement for States to take measures to create favourable conditions to enable persons belonging to minorities to express their characteristics and to develop their culture, language, religion, traditions and customs (art. 4, para. 2). States are also called upon to take measures in the field of education, in order to encourage knowledge of the history, traditions, language and culture of the minorities existing within their territory (art. 4, para. 4). Article 5 requires national policies and programmes to be planned and implemented with due regard for the legitimate interests of persons belonging to minorities, as well as programmes of cooperation and assistance among States.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Many States have established registration processes in order for religious communities to be able to become legally recognized and benefit from legal and policy measures enabling them to manage their communal activities. However, some States base recognition on historical provisions and structures and consequently grant recognition to only a few religious minorities present in the State. States with a dominant State-religion relationship may be strongly influenced by that religion's dictates regarding which religious minorities are officially recognized and which are not. States with a dominant State-ideology relationship or secular States alike may not understand the range of community activities associated with religious minority "existence and continuity" and, whether intentionally or otherwise, may restrict the legitimate enjoyment of related rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The enjoyment of equal citizenship requires that religious minorities should enjoy all their rights in equality with other citizens, for example, to hold all posts within the jurisdiction of a State. This should include, for example, access to higher education and professional training as well as the highest posts within the State, the political leadership, educational institutions, the armed forces and in the media, and so on. Such equality may be in addition to the State having made the case for legitimate different treatment through quotas of seats or their representation at particular levels of Government. Quotas are not a concession or "privilege" that can absolve the State from issuing unequal citizenship to religious minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- As a practical measure to promote awareness and implementation of the recommendations of the Forum in every region, under the auspices of the mandate of the independent expert, a publication has been produced which compiles the recommendations of the first three annual sessions of the Forum in one accessible document. The publication will be widely disseminated and made available in online and CD-ROM formats. This publication will contribute to resources provided by OHCHR for events to mark the 20th anniversary of the United Nations Declaration and aims to make the recommendations of the Forum more accessible to Government and multiple stakeholders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 91b
- Paragraph text
- [The Independent Expert provides the following broad recommendations to national Governments and the international community:] The provisions of the Declaration should be translated by States into national legislation, and dedicated attention to religious minorities should be reflected in the national institutional frameworks for the protection of human rights, including line ministries and governmental departments, national human rights institutions and consultative bodies and mechanisms. Existing legislation should be reviewed to ensure that no provisions exist that are discriminatory or have a discriminatory impact, directly or indirectly, on persons belonging to religious minorities;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- A full picture requires up-to-date disaggregated data, research by national statistical bodies, academia or civil society actors. This should be updated regularly in order to pick up on changes to birth rates, migration flows and patterns of belief. Research should be sophisticated enough to reveal the different situations of women, young people and others who may face particular challenges. It should include beliefs as well as religions. As a basic minimum standard, regular census surveys should include voluntary questions on religion that allow individuals to self-identify and that provide a valuable resource for deeper statistical analysis.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Schools may serve as sites for the perpetuation of a singular religious or ideological ideal, failing to take on board religious or belief diversity, erasing all symbols of such difference, and aiming to assimilate all into an (intolerant) national "unity". In some countries, regions or schools with diverse religious communities teach only the majority religion. For example, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, visited by the Independent Expert in 2012, Bosniak, Croat and Serb communities remain largely divided along religious and ethnic lines. Religious education is provided only in the majority religion and serves to reinforce differences and exacerbate divisions between young people and communities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Youth
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- All of the above might be forced upon them on the grounds that it is "respectful" of the laws of their religion, but may do so without asking them what their religion or belief is, how they interpret it and which legal system they ascribe to. Most worryingly, it may do so without giving them any opportunity for a civil alternative, any option for exit from such legal provisions and, indeed, no opportunity for adopting or changing their religion or belief. The State should not only be mindful of these vast arenas of discrimination, which may indeed have a coercive impact on the freedom to hold religion or belief, but needs to ensure that it fulfils its due diligence obligations with respect to all such violations. This includes obligations with respect to violations that may result from the actions of non-State actors, and violations that may primarily occur in the private sphere.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- It is essential to ensure that all procedures for registration are accessible, inclusive, non-discriminatory and not unduly burdensome. Registration procedures designed to limit beneficiaries due to political or social intolerance run afoul of human rights standards. Those intended to exclude non-traditional religions or beliefs - pertaining, for example, to newer communities, migrants, or new religious movements - also contravene human rights standards and result in undue restrictions on rights. Both those objectives may be owing to the prevalence of discrimination against particular religious minorities. Freedom of religion or belief has a status prior and independent of any administrative recognition procedures, and religious minorities should be respected in their freedom of religion or belief even without any registration.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Minority language rights and language use have frequently been a source of tensions, both between and within States. Proponents of linguistic rights have sometimes been associated with secessionist movements or have been seen as a threat to the integrity or unity of a State. It has been pointed out that it is often only when minorities assert their rights to identity and language that discrimination or persecution starts. Fulfilling the rights of minorities, including their language rights, is an essential means to prevent tensions from emerging and is a key element of good governance and conflict prevention. If not appropriately addressed at an early stage, such tensions have led to protracted conflicts and deepening of divisions between linguistic groups. Where conflicts have ceased or peacebuilding initiatives are under way, it is essential that all groups in society play a full role in discussions, negotiations and decision-making processes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities also contains extensive provisions for the protection of the rights of linguistic minorities and minority languages. Articles 5 and 9 to 14 address the responsibilities of the State in, inter alia, the fields of minority language use in public and private spheres, provision of information and engagement with administrative authorities in minority languages, the media, minority languages in education and the right of minorities to establish private educational institutions, the use of names, signs and public information in minority languages, and the use of minority languages in the legal and judicial realm. Despite strong regional standards, implementation continues to be poor in many countries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 40
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- More than 3,000 languages are reportedly spoken by fewer than 10,000 people each. Some smaller minority communities with distinct languages are considered to be in danger of disappearing completely as distinct linguistic groups due to such factors as resettlement, displacement, conflict, assimilation, cultural dilution, environmental factors and loss of land. While over 20 languages are spoken in Cambodia, UNESCO has warned that 19 Cambodian languages are at risk of extinction over the coming decades. These are not isolated examples, and further research is required globally to enable effective policy responses to protect the existence of linguistic minorities and preserve their language, cultures and traditions for future generations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 45
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- In some national contexts Governments have imposed prohibitive restrictions on the use of minority languages in public spheres, including in political life. Under such circumstances minorities have even faced prosecution for exercising their right to use their language publicly, for example in the context of political campaigns. Such actions may be imposed in the context of efforts to stringently enforce the use of a single national language or assimilate minority communities via restrictions on their language use. In some cases, inter-ethnic or inter-religious conflict may motivate such restrictions designed to marginalize and exclude a particular population group. Few cases have been reported of restrictions on the use of minority languages in private life; however, aggressive promotion of a national language and restrictions on education in the mother tongue may be interpreted by members of a minority as attempts to assimilate them or eradicate minority language use in all spheres.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- UNICEF highlights evidence that bilingual education from the earliest years of schooling ensures that minority children become proficient in their mother tongue and the dominant language from an early age. Teaching children for a recommended six to eight years in their mother tongue and gradually introducing national languages has advantages, including the following: children learn better, are more confident and are well equipped to transfer their literacy and numeracy skills to additional languages; children experience less frustration and failure and fewer drop out of school; and by including families and drawing on local cultural heritage, mother tongue–based education contributes to communities’ social and cultural well-being and fosters inclusiveness within wider society. However, many countries have not adopted bilingual learning approaches.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The Holocaust was one of the clearest examples of large-scale, mass atrocities committed against minority groups. Jewish communities, Roma and Sinti, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals and others fell victim to Nazi propaganda and systematic genocide. The Rwandan genocide is also a clear example of mass atrocities perpetrated against a minority and one where, despite warnings, the international community failed to act. Around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda determined that the killings constituted genocide. In 1995, the worst massacre of civilians in Europe since the Second World War took place in Srebrenica, where some 8,000 Muslim men and boys were killed by Bosnian Serb forces. The Secretary-General acknowledged the failure of the international community to prevent what was recognized as genocide (see A/54/549).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State, Myanmar, face discrimination, exclusion and denial of citizenship. Violence between Rohingya and Buddhists in 2012 left hundreds, mostly Rohingya, dead and over 150,000 displaced. The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar visited in 2014 and stated that community-based, political and religious groups had been conducting, with impunity, well-organized and coordinated campaigns of incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence against Rohingya and other Muslim minorities (A/HRC/25/64, para. 21). He noted the propagation of an agenda to rid Rakhine State of the estimated one million Rohingyas who lived there and concluded that the pattern of widespread and systematic human rights violations in Rakhine State might constitute crimes against humanity (A/HRC/25/64, paras. 45 and 51).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Violence against minorities throughout the world demonstrates that action is required in all regions to protect minorities at risk. In many cases violence is committed with impunity, which can fuel further violence. The present report seeks to identify some of the major causes of violence against minorities and to consider actions that should be taken by States and other actors to prevent and appropriately address violence and to ensure that it does not persist or escalate. The historical and ongoing cases of violence referred to are not exhaustive, yet they demonstrate the wide range of situations in which violence against minorities occurs in different regions and the extent to which challenges remain.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In Colombia, which was visited by the former Independent Expert on minority issues in 2010, Afro-Colombians reported ongoing violence, selective murders, disappearances, threats and communities forced to flee, despite Government claims that the armed conflict had ended. The Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions found that indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities had been victimized by all parties to Colombia's conflicts and that, historically, paramilitaries, sometimes in collusion with State forces, had appropriated land and committed massacres to intimidate local populations (A/HRC/14/24/Add.2, para. 76). Resource exploitation, agriculture and mega-projects have created new motivations for violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 27
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- It is essential to have accurate information and data that is disaggregated along language lines, in order to assess the number of minority language speakers, and to understand language issues and the need for measures to address the needs of linguistic minorities. Accurate data reveals issues that may otherwise remain hidden or neglected and allows language issues to be addressed in the localities where they are most present. Such data can reveal correlations between minorities and socioeconomic challenges such as low incomes, poor education outcomes and problems facing minority women that may be connected to language issues and require targeted responses. Such data is rarely collected in census or social surveys, and the national picture of minority language issues and needs is incomplete. Consequently there is no strong statistical foundation for policy or programme formulation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 18
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- Academic studies point to linkages among a low growth rate, inequality and the higher chance of conflict in developing countries. The likelihood of unrest and violent conflict is higher where there are significant horizontal inequalities in political or economic status between different ethnic or culturally defined groups. Indicators demonstrate how higher rates of educational attainment can lower the risk of internal conflict. In 2009, of the world's 101 million children out of school, an estimated 50 to 70 per cent were members of minorities or indigenous peoples. It is essential that minorities be integrated and able to benefit from development policies. The Special Rapporteur dedicated her annual report to the Human Rights Council in 2014 (A/HRC/25/56) to the importance of including minorities in the planning, implementation and evaluation of new development goals in the post-2015 development agenda, as a means to reduce inequalities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 34
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- In other regional contexts, regional standards are weaker and monitoring of State compliance with human rights standards is less rigorous. More than 2,000 languages are spoken in Africa, yet there is no regional standard specifically devoted to language rights or minority languages. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights does not substantively address language rights, although language is stated as one of the prohibited grounds of discrimination. However, the emphasis of the Charter on the rights of “peoples” should be interpreted as placing a strong emphasis on group and minority rights, and article 22 states that all peoples should have the right to their economic, social and cultural development with due regard to their freedom and identity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Minorities have the right to use their own language, irrespective of its legal status, and provisions should be made to enable minorities to learn and be taught in their mother tongue as well as the official State languages. Models of bilingual education have been demonstrated to be particularly valuable and should be implemented by States in all regions. Positive models of integration are not only about the integration of minority communities into wider society. It is a positive practice to not only encourage minorities to learn and become proficient in the national language, but also to encourage members of majority populations to learn minority languages.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In some countries the use of minority languages has been deemed a threat to national unity and an attempt by minorities to reinforce territorial or separatist claims and has consequently been restricted or banned. Restrictions on language use have been reported alongside alleged prohibitions on aspects of cultural life, including song or theatre performances in minority languages, or political and civil society activities. In those contexts minority languages may become highly emotive issues, and such prohibition is a significant cause of grievances for minority communities. Any restriction on the use of minority languages and freedom of expression must be fully justified and proportionate. Attempts to prohibit or abolish the use of minority languages constitute a gross violation of minority rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
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- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Speech or propaganda that promotes hatred and/or incites violence against minority groups
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Significant flows of refugees and internally displaced persons belonging to ethnic or religious groups
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Rights of linguistic minorities 2013, para. 84
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- The growth of the Internet and web-based information has made dramatic changes in the ways that people communicate and use and transmit language. In the globalization of communication and media that has taken place, some languages dominate, a phenomenon that may also be seen at the national level. The challenge to ensure that all population groups can benefit equally requires solutions that include the packaging of information in minority languages and provision of low-cost access for all. The Internet clearly also has the potential to assist in the preservation, dissemination and teaching of minority languages.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- A coordinated crisis response involving regional and international organizations took place in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2008, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) deployed two teams on the ground to assess the situation of escalating violence in the country. In parallel, the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region initiated the creation of a United Nations intervention brigade, which was supported by SADC. In 2013, a comprehensive peace agreement, sponsored by the United Nations and containing specific measures to foster peace and stability in the region, was signed by the members of the International Conference.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- During her 2006 visit to Ethiopia, the former Independent Expert on minority issues was informed that, in December 2003, 424 ethnic Anuak had been killed in Gambella by members of other ethnic groups (A/HRC/4/9/Add.3). Contributing factors included the relocation to the region of highlanders, and a porous border with troubled Southern Sudan. Heavily armed Sudan People's Liberation Army fighters had entered the region and the influx of refugees resulted in conflicts and a breakdown of traditional land-sharing and conflict resolution arrangements. Despite warnings signs, authorities failed to avert the violence. Conflicts over land use continue in the region.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Governments can be active perpetrators, that is, directly involved in the commission of crimes by means of security forces or mercenaries, or passive perpetrators, when they do not act to protect a group that is subjected to atrocities by non-State actors. When Governments fail, the international community must take adequate steps to stop violence and crime and hold those responsible accountable. There must be a preference for peaceful means: international diplomacy, negotiation and mediation, along with humanitarian assistance. If given consent, a United Nations peacekeeping operation must strive to bring to an end the deliberate action or inaction of the Government, and obtain credible guarantees that the Government will assume and/or resume its responsibility to protect.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that violence against minorities must constitute a high priority for States, regional bodies and the international community, as well as civil society. She notes that the seventh session of the Forum on Minority Issues, to be held in Geneva on 25 and 26 November 2014, will be dedicated to this issue and will provide an appropriate venue for stakeholders, including minorities, Member States, regional bodies, United Nations bodies and mechanisms, specialized agencies and civil society, to hold a dialogue on the subject and produce recommendations for presentation to the Human Rights Council.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In many national situations, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have not been achieved for disadvantaged minorities. A full analysis of experiences is still needed in order for lessons to be fully learned from the MDG experience. In some countries, positive examples have emerged where practices have been implemented and targeted strategies have produced positive results for minorities. However, a survey by the former Independent Expert on minority issues, Gay McDougall, demonstrated that only a handful of countries devoted particular attention to minorities in their MDG reports, that, even where minorities are mentioned, there is a lack of discussion on how and, crucially, why minorities are experiencing disproportionately high levels of poverty and other serious inequalities, and that women belonging to minority groups remain particularly invisible (see A/HRC/4/9, para. 68).
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Année
- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
Paragraphe
Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Since 2012, a consultation process has been taking place internationally to put in place a new global development plan when the MDGs conclude in 2015. Important processes have been under way, including the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post 2015 Development Agenda, and the intergovernmental Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals, connected to the Rio+20 process. The General Assembly met in September 2013 to review progress, begin discussion of the recommendations and start work on a new framework to follow the MDGs. Emerging from this process is a strong call for attention to the most marginalized and disadvantaged groups.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 46
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- Tackling inequality stands out among the consultation areas as a cross-cutting and essential goal that should be at the heart of international and national development agendas. To make progress on this goal for disadvantaged minority groups and others means to create conditions of substantive equality for minorities, the challenges to which are a major barrier to development and human rights that minorities experience. A requirement for States to address inequality means that they must act clearly and directly to address the social exclusion, economic marginalization, poverty and discrimination facing minority communities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 57
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- One criticism that must be addressed is that a focus on any population group or minority may be perceived of as unfair affirmative action or special measures that result in a neglect of other population groups who may also have very real issues and development challenges. However, this need not be the case. An approach which addresses the long-standing issues of disadvantaged minorities as a core priority does not assume or require neglect of other groups or essential areas of concern. It requires that such targeted attention is justified, monitored and time-bound to ensure that it does not become discriminatory. Disaggregated data is also essential in this regard and allows inequalities to be statistically demonstrated, and progress towards targets to be monitored and evaluated.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 34
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- Political or regime change can create a new political and social order and conditions under which minorities may be placed at a heightened risk of violence. The Arab Spring in several countries, while initially hailed as a popular revolution against hard-line, autocratic regimes, in practice created new uncertainties for some minorities and, in some cases, increased hostility and violence against minorities, including minority Muslims and Christians. In September 2013, mandate holders addressed a communication to the Government of Egypt, concerning an upsurge of violence against Christian minorities by supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi in locations across Egypt. Some 61 churches had been attacked, vandalized and desecrated. Mobs had attacked Christian schools, businesses and homes, and deaths and injuries had been reported.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 46
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- An already existing armed conflict constitutes a big risk for violence against certain minority groups although is not a precondition for it. In paragraph 12 of his report entitled "Responsibility to Protect: State responsibility and prevention" (A/67/929-S/2013/399), the Secretary-General stated Atrocity crimes are more likely to occur during armed conflict, especially internal armed conflict. Armed conflict is itself a source of risk for atrocity crimes, while atrocity crimes can also increase the risk of armed conflict. Not all armed conflict generates atrocity crimes and not all atrocity crimes occur within a context of armed conflict. What distinguishes atrocity crimes is the deliberate targeting of specific groups, communities or populations, including persons protected under the Geneva Conventions, and sometimes cycles of reaction and counter-reaction between communities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
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- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Compulsory identification including the use of identity cards that indicate ethnicity
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [Violence against minorities may be difficult to predict and rapidly develop based on a particular event or trigger. However, in some cases warning signs are evident long before violence breaks out and opportunities exist to prevent it at an important early stage. What is essential is that early warning indicators lead to early action to avert violence. The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has elaborated indicators relating to the threat of genocide. These and similar indicators can and should be used to identify lower-level risk of violence against minorities. Fifteen indicators were elaborated to assess the existence of factors known to lead to conflict and genocide (see A/60/18, chap. II), and can be summarized as follows:] Policies of segregation
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 54
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- In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, disaggregated data reveal patterns of ethnic poverty. Around two fifths of people from ethnic minorities live in income poverty, twice the rate for whites. The highest income poverty rates (in percentages) are found among Bangladeshis (65), Pakistanis (55) and black Africans (45 ). At 25-30 per cent, the rate among Indians and black Caribbeans is lower but still much higher than the 20 per cent among white people. In Brazil, census data show that on average, white and Asian Brazilians earned twice as much as black or mixed-race Brazilians. Black Brazilians are much more likely to be poor. Of the 16.2 million people living in extreme poverty (approximately 8.5 per cent of the population), 70.8 per cent are black. The average wages for black and mixed-race Brazilians are 2.4 times lower than those earned by citizens of white and Asian origin.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 59
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- Education is a basic human right for all children, and yet in all regions there are minority children who do not enjoy that right or enjoy it to a much lesser extent than others. Often countries face serious problems in providing basic education for many children owing to factors including scarcity of resources, poverty and conflict. However the challenges and barriers to minority children are frequently based on and perpetuated by discrimination and social exclusion. Lack of access to education perpetuates a cycle of poverty that is often experienced most acutely by minority communities. Yet conversely, education provides a gateway to development and the full enjoyment of a wide array of human rights for minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2014
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 73
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- Action to address hate speech and hate crime must engage majority communities, including politicians, intellectuals, celebrities and ordinary people concerned about hatred in their societies, to join marginalized and disadvantaged minorities in demanding human rights, equality and human dignity for all. Such coordinated struggle must include legislative steps, but also requires swift and efficient social responses. If hate incidents are not tackled early, targeted groups may experience permanent damage to their self-esteem and sense of belonging within their societies, thereby increasing their marginalization. Majority communities may also gradually become desensitized to hate speech, to the point where they begin to accept the hostility and stigmatization against certain groups in their societies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 95
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- Studio Ijambo was launched in 1995 by the organization Search for Common Ground to address inter-ethnic violence in Burundi. The programme aimed to establish a platform to promote dialogue and tolerance through radio, in contrast to hate speech and incitement in radio programmes in neighbouring Rwanda. The station uses different formats, including debates and discussion programmes, soap operas, sketches and interactions between political leaders and youth, for example. Twenty years on, the model is considered a success and has been replicated in other African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where radio has been used to promote constructive messages about conflict resolution.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Youth
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 36
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- During the Rwandan genocide in 1994, media played a major role in supporting and inciting ethnic hatred and violence against Tutsi and moderate Hutu populations. The newspaper Kangura spread hatred against Tutsis, publishing articles and graphic cartoons in which Tutsis were attacked. A wider audience was reached by radio stations, which were key in transmitting hate propaganda and incitement to violence. Radio Rwanda and Radio Télévision des Milles Collines (RTML) instigated, encouraged and directed massacres. Hate messages broadcast during the genocide referred to Tutsis as "cockroaches" and issued instructions to kill them. Nearly one million people were killed.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 37
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- In the post-9/11 era, Islam and Muslims have been subject to stigmatization and hostility in Western media. Certain media outlets have identified Islam with terrorism, which, according to the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, is a major driver of resurgent Islamophobia around the world (E/CN.4/2006/17). Despite many civil society organizations delivering pro-Muslim discourses after the September 11 attacks, anti-Islamic fringe organizations have exploited mass media to spread messages of fear and anger. The former Independent Expert on minority issues noted in a report (A/HRC/13/23/Add.2) that members of Muslim and Arab communities in Canada stated that negative stereotypes had been reinforced since September 2001, including in the mass media, resulting in their reluctance to engage in public debate or raise their concerns.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 47
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- In its general recommendation No. 35 (2013) on combating racist hate speech, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination stresses, inter alia, the role of racist hate speech in processes leading to mass violations of human rights and genocide and in conflict situations and points out that racist hate speech can emanate from individuals or groups, can be disseminated orally, in print, through electronic media (Internet, social networking sites), as well as by non-verbal expression (racist symbols, images, behaviour at public gatherings). It emphasizes that media representations of ethnic, indigenous and other groups should be based on principles of respect, fairness and the avoidance of stereotyping. It formulates specific recommendations, including the adoption of appropriate legislation in line with international standards, the establishment of codes of professional ethics and press codes, the promotion of media pluralism and the facilitation of access to and ownership of media by minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 71
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- Some scholars consider the right to freedom of expression as absolute, suggesting that democratic societies should not permit the exclusion of any views, even if they are offensive or inflammatory. Such theories often fail to recognize the fundamental existence of structural inequalities in society, which make some more vulnerable, including to attack, whether verbal or physical. Many examples from different regions demonstrate the connection between hate speech and violence and that there are legitimate grounds to limit freedom of speech when it is motivated by or seeks to incite racial, religious or other forms of hatred.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
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- 2015
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 101
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- Places of detention should be subject to unannounced visits by independent bodies which include adequate representation of minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 49
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- The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights does not contain provisions referring specifically to the prohibition of incitement to national, racial or religious hatred. However the Charter states that: "all peoples shall be equal; they shall enjoy the same respect and shall have the same rights. Nothing shall justify the domination of a people by another" (art. 19) and that "every individual shall have the duty to respect and consider his fellow beings without discrimination, and to maintain relations aimed at promoting, safeguarding and reinforcing mutual respect and tolerance" (art. 28). The American Convention on Human Rights states that: "any propaganda for war and any advocacy of national, racial, or religious hatred that constitute incitements to lawless violence or to any other similar action against any person or group of persons on any grounds including those of race, color, religion, language, or national origin shall be considered as offenses punishable by law" (art. 13.5).
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 40
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- Exclusion from public and political life must therefore be seen as both a cause and a consequence of the lack of enjoyment of economic and social rights, including lack of education opportunities, poverty, substandard living conditions and language barriers. The Special Rapporteur also underlines how the widespread fragility of Roma individuals' legal status impedes political participation. For example, in the Middle East, some Dom individuals are reportedly unable to pay hospital fees when their children are born, so no birth certificate is issued and the possibility of securing citizenship is denied.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 59
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- As underscored by the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (A/66/290), it is necessary to differentiate between illegal expression, which States are required to prohibit under international law, and expression considered harmful, offensive, objectionable or undesirable, but which States are neither required to prohibit or criminalize. It is important to differentiate between three types of expression: (a) expression constituting an offence under international law that can be prosecuted criminally; (b) expression not criminally punishable but that may justify a restriction and a civil suit; (c) expression that does not give rise to criminal or civil sanctions but still raise concerns in terms of tolerance, civility and respect for others. Negative or stereotyped characterizations of minority groups may fall under any of those three categories.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2015
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The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 15
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- In its concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of the Russian Federation, the Committee against Torture noted its concern about persistent reports of discrimination, violent attacks and abuses against Roma on the basis of their identity (CAT/C/RUS/CO/5, para. 15). United Nations human rights monitoring mechanisms have repeatedly noted the marginalization of Roma in Belarus. In its concluding observations, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has noted that Roma suffer from widespread social stigma and discrimination Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (CERD/C/TJK/CO/6-8, para. 13; CERD/C/UZB/CO/8-9, para. 11).
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
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- 2015
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 52
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- There is no universally accepted definition of "hate speech". The term encompasses a wide array of hateful messages, ranging from offensive, derogatory, abusive and negative stereotyping remarks and comments, to intimidating, inflammatory speech inciting violence against specific individuals and groups. Only the most egregious forms of hate speech, namely those constituting incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence, are generally considered unlawful. Cultural paradigms must be understood and taken into account when considering whether certain comments or images constitute hate speech, incitement or defamation, and States have a margin of appreciation in establishing such thresholds. Nevertheless, a balance must be struck that does not unduly restrict the rights of individuals or place individuals under the threat of violence.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 44
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- The above-mentioned Protocol further served as impetus for the African Union to draft the first legally binding regional instrument on internally displaced persons: the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of internally displaced persons in Africa (Kampala Convention). The Convention, which was adopted in 2009 and entered into force in 2012, advances a regional approach to protecting the rights of internally displaced persons in efforts to achieve peace, security and development. In terms of minority rights protection, article 4(5) stipulates that the prohibited categories of arbitrary displacement include but are not limited to "displacement based on policies of racial discrimination or other similar practices aimed at/or resulting in altering the ethnic, religious or racial composition of the population". Article 5 of the Convention provides that "States Parties shall endeavour to protect communities with special attachment to, and dependency on, land due to their particular culture and spiritual values from being displaced from such lands, except for compelling and overriding public interests".
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 64
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- Studies reveal that poor reporting by the media on features such as ethnicity and religion involves, inter alia, labelling, selected use of data, generalizing incidents, negative stereotyping, giving one side of a story, use of derogatory words, mixing facts and views, absence of fact checking, and mismatching of the content of the text and headlines, images and sound. Lack of knowledge about ethnic and religious issues by media reporters, absence of in-house training, poor financial situation of media outlets, heavy workload and scarce time to prepare reports were highlighted as obstacles to good, unprejudiced reporting.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
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- 2015
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 65
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- The differentiated access to economic, social and cultural rights for particular minority groups in situations of displacement can often be compounded by a lack of adequate documentation. This may further impede access to humanitarian assistance, including a range of public services during crises such as health care, education, housing and employment programmes, as well as social integration. For example, the Special Rapporteur on internally displaced persons noted in his report on Serbia and Kosovo that Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian internally displaced persons have been more vulnerable than other internally displaced persons in accessing basic services owing to their lack of documentation (see A/HRC/26/33/Add.2, para 20).
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 73
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- Each witness should be free to choose a form of oath that he or she considers appropriate to his or her religion, or to make a secular affirmation.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
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- Special Procedures' report
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- Civil & Political Rights
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Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 84
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- Non-discrimination and promotion of cultural diversity should be part of the professional training of all staff within the criminal justice system.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 80
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- The reasons for the differentiated experience of minorities in the context of disasters are multiple. In terms of increased vulnerabilities, the Special Rapporteur notes that this may be due to the fact that disadvantaged minorities may reside in remote and marginal areas that are more susceptible to disasters, or have fewer resources to evacuate easily. For example, the location of minority homes and settlements may be on the periphery of more established neighbourhoods in areas more susceptible to disasters such as floodplains, coastal towns, and unstable hillsides, or more closely situated next to landfills or other undesirable sites that may be potential locations of man-made disasters. Marginalized minorities may also reside in slum areas or shantytowns, or more remote regions which often are lacking basic infrastructure, and may therefore be particularly at risk during disasters (see A/HRC/31/56, para. 92).
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 92
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- Finally, while internal displacements due to disasters have traditionally been for short periods, their increased frequency and severity, including owing to climate change, point to more chronic situations likely to involve new, more prolonged or definitive displacements - and requiring more comprehensive displacement responses, in particular taking into account the needs of minorities. Moreover, recurrent disasters, such as more frequent flooding for example, can significantly impact the resilience of the people living in disaster-prone areas, including owing to destruction of livelihoods and destruction of homes and basic infrastructure.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
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- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
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- 2016
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Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 103
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- In particular, the international community should continue to support national Governments' humanitarian response capacity, through training, technical assistance, financial commitments, with a view to strengthening national protection and response mechanisms on minorities in situations of crises; addressing the immediate humanitarian and protection needs of affected minorities; and promoting durable solutions for affected minorities. Just as humanitarian agencies have gender focal points and gender policies, it could be useful to establish similar organizational structure and policies for minorities.
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- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2016
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- L'article n'a pas cette propriété
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