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Sexual education 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The right to comprehensive sexual education is also confirmed by recommendations and declarations of international bodies, as well as by documents reflecting the global consensus among States. For example, the Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development recognizes that sexual and reproductive health education must begin in primary school and continue through all levels of formal and non-formal education.3 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has found that sexual education is more effective if given prior to first intercourse. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that it is crucial for sexual education to start early, especially in developing countries. The Organization has also provided specific guidance on how to incorporate sexual education into school curricula and recommends that sexual education should constitute a separate subject, rather than being incorporated into other subjects. In addition, comprehensive sexual education is a basic tool for achieving many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), such as promoting gender equality and empowering women (Goal 3), reducing child mortality (Goal 4), improving maternal health (Goal 5) and combating HIV/AIDS (Goal 6).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Aptitude tests and counselling are even more important for skills development. National assessment mechanisms should be coupled with "career guidance systems to assist learners in choosing appropriate pathways, including by the provision of up?to?date labour market information and self-assessment tools to identify aptitudes and interests and promote the acquisition of career management skills."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- Those in charge of the provision of education in emergencies must consider the requirements for meeting quality educational standards. Dedicated attention must be paid to improving school curricula, promoting human rights education and addressing the psychosocial needs of students and teachers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- As such, the recommendations below must be accompanied by, and meet, the powerful need for the development and implementation of social policies to protect migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers against the adverse economic and social consequences inherent to their vulnerability in the realization of their right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 87f
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of these conclusions, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States should]: Promote and incorporate various strategies through association with education alternatives such as the media, organizations of civil society, peer education and health-care centres and professionals;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of the foregoing remarks, the Special Rapporteur considers that:] Sexual education is associated with the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy; while this is necessary, it cannot provide a basis for State policies, which must consider sexual education as a right in and of itself.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- According to a UNESCO study, around 2004, 19 of the 20 African countries with the highest HIV prevalence included this subject in their primary curriculum, and 17 countries included life skills programmes. However, it was observed that implementation was very slow and left without coverage those who were not involved in formal education channels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In the case of Africa, several countries do not provide any kind of planned sexual education. According to some studies, families are uncomfortable talking about sexuality with their sons and daughters; yet young girls and boys do receive some information informally from friends or through the HIV prevention programme.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Although a number of countries in this region report HIV education policies, relatively few of them adopt a comprehensive approach since reference is rarely made to human rights, values, life skills and community participation.48 In addition, there are no links with strategic sectors, such as health, or with reference communities with a view to the design, implementation and evaluation of the policies pursued.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- In the large majority of Latin American and Caribbean countries, the persons responsible for curriculum development are professionals in the fields of pedagogy, psychology and medicine, whereas those responsible for implementing policies on comprehensive sexual education are usually teachers. The Ministries of Education and Health of many countries in this region have been very much involved.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Article 14 (1) (g) of the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa establishes the right to family planning education and in article 14 (2) (a), the Protocol establishes the obligation of States to provide adequate, affordable and accessible health services, including information, education and communication programmes for women, especially those in rural areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In its general recommendation No. 24, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women requested States to report on measures taken "to ensure timely access to the range of services which are related to family planning, in particular, and to sexual and reproductive health in general. Particular attention should be paid to the health education of adolescents, including information and counselling on all methods of family planning".30
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Committee on the Rights of the Child have stated that the right to health and the right to information require States to refrain from censoring, withholding or intentionally misrepresenting information relating to health, including sex education and sexual information.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In the Asia-Pacific region, sexual education tends to be provided via subjects such as biology, science and health. All the countries of the region claim that HIV education is included at the secondary level; six of them claim that it is included at the primary level and 13 include it in teacher training. However, in some countries of the region, sexual education is limited to its biological or moral aspects, ignoring the broad range of areas in which it affects people's lives.51
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- That Committee continually calls upon States parties to implement sexual education programmes and has recommended the expansion of sexual and reproductive health programmes as a necessary means of addressing high abortion and maternal mortality rates. It has encouraged States parties to provide systematic sexual education in schools and has specifically called for increased efforts to prevent adolescent pregnancies, including educating children about responsible partnerships and parenthood.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that they do not restrict individuals' access to appropriate services and necessary information and must remove social and regulatory barriers to information on sexual and reproductive health and health care, as stated in the Cairo Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. In any event, the parents and other legal guardians of students must also provide appropriate direction and guidance on sexual and reproductive matters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 87c
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of these conclusions, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States should]: Ensure the inclusion of comprehensive sexual education from primary school onwards, taking into account secondary school enrolment rates, the age of first intercourse and other variables in a context of respect and adaptability based on the age of students and the capacities associated with their levels of emotional and cognitive development;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- The effective teaching of literacy, numeracy and life skills, such as health preparedness and conflict resolution, is crucial to enhancing resilience during periods of emergency. School staff must be given adequate incentives, and have their capacity enhanced, to give appropriate attention to the psychosocial needs of students, using resources and making schedule arrangements that allow for recreational and expressive activities, as well as referring severely affected students for additional support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- As regards official curricula, in Latin America and the Caribbean information on sexuality is usually provided as cross-cutting content. According to a study of the handling of priority topics at the primary level, conducted by the National Public Health Institute of Cuernavaca, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago and Uruguay deal with all the relevant topics. Nine countries cover five of them; six consider four; five report that they cover three; and one covers only one of the six topics.45
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with the provisions of article 3 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Human Rights Committee in its concluding observations has expressed concern about the elimination of sexual education from school curricula and the high rate of unwanted pregnancies and abortions among girls and adolescents and has requested that States should take measures to help young women avoid unwanted pregnancies, including by strengthening family planning and sexual education programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The right to education includes the right to sexual education, which is both a human right in itself and an indispensable means of realizing other human rights, such as the right to health, the right to information and sexual and reproductive rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The way in which sexual education is incorporated into the official curriculum is not uniform across the region. In some cases, such as in Namibia, it is included in the subject "life skills", but the content relating to HIV is inadequate and needs to be enhanced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur commends the SkillsFuture credit, launched in Singapore to promote lifelong learning. Given to every Singaporean aged 25 years and older, it covers nearly 2.5 million citizens in the country. The first credit amounts to $500, with the proviso that the Government will top it up at regular intervals in future. The credit can be used for a wide range of courses. Already, there are 10,000 courses, in areas ranging from basic computing to web design, digital animation, human resources management, finance, health care and languages. The courses are provided at publicly funded tertiary institutions, as well as by private providers. The Government will provide employers with subsidies of 70 to 90 per cent when they train their employees. The credit is provided on top of SkillsFuture study awards in various fields. For example, for all Singaporeans aged 40 years and older, 90 per cent of the costs of their courses will be funded.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers it important to take full cognizance of UNESCO normative work in the early 1970s, which led to the emergence of the "right to lifelong learning". The Third International Conference on Adult Education, convened by UNESCO in Tokyo in 1972, provided a conceptual turning point when it declared its belief that "the right of individuals to education, their right to learn and to go on learning, is to be considered on the same basis as their other fundamental rights, such as the right to health and to hygiene, the right to security, the right to all forms of civil liberty, etc."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Although fathers and mothers are free to choose the type of education that their sons and daughters will have, this authority may never run counter to the rights of children and adolescents, in accordance with the primacy of the principle of the best interests of the child. This implies a need to create forums in which all options and opinions can be discussed within the education process. Particularly in the case of sexual education, people have the right to receive high-quality scientific information that is unprejudiced and age-appropriate, so as to foster full development and prevent possible physical and psychological abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Regrettably, the rights perspective is very rarely included in sexual education programmes, which are usually limited to the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV and unwanted pregnancy. Although this approach is necessary in order to achieve enjoyment of the right to health and for the purposes of family planning, it cannot be the principal reason for including sexual education in the curriculum. Sexual education should be considered a right in itself and should be clearly linked with other rights in accordance with the principle of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- It is estimated that by the end of 2008, 33.4 million people around the world were living with HIV, and the number of AIDS-related deaths that year was estimated at 2 million; almost 300,000 of that number were children.5 In addition, various studies have revealed increasing links between violence against women and HIV/AIDS. Women who have experienced violence are at a higher risk of HIV infection. The need to provide the population with sexual education as a means of prevention has been emphasized repeatedly. Thus, HIV/AIDS highlights the close link between the right to comprehensive sexual education and the right to health and to life.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, the Special Rapporteur wishes to highlight the experience of Denmark, where teacher training in sexual education is carried out in conjunction with Sex & Samfund ("Sex and Society"), the Danish Family Planning Association. The Special Rapporteur considers this to be a good example of a collaborative relationship between the State and civil society in the search for tools for promoting sexual education and providing it to the whole population. The valuable initiatives of the Latin American and Caribbean Committee for the Defence of Women's Rights should also be mentioned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- According to a study carried out by the Guttmacher Institute, about half of 15 19-year-olds in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda have received some form of sexual education at school. In Malawi, 66 per cent of females and 56 per cent of males aged 15-19 who have attended school report that they have not received any kind of sexual education. In Burkina Faso the challenge is greater, since more than half of 15-19-year-olds have never attended school.56 Also, in the final years of primary education (age 12-14), young people are reaching a sexually active age and therefore need to have specific knowledge on preventing unwanted pregnancy and HIV infection. This suggests that sexual education should start before the end of primary education if it is to have some degree of effectiveness and a chance of changing behaviour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- According to the International Bureau of Education, HIV/AIDS is a mandatory subject in primary education in 10 of the 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, in many African countries, adolescents have no access to information on sexuality. On the basis of a number of studies carried out in the region, it is estimated that almost half of the people who have received sexual education received no information on topics considered to be of key importance (contraception, pregnancy and pregnancy prevention, sexually transmitted diseases and the right to say no to sex). In the vast majority of cases, sexual education is provided through lectures; only in a few cases are more effective tools, such as interactive or group activities, used.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph