A/HRC/RES/58/18 and conference room papers of the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua presented to the Council, and expressing profound alarm that the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua again found reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed in Nicaragua since 2018 and continue to be committed there, including murder, torture, rape and other forms of sexual violence of comparable gravity, persecution, imprisonment and deportation, Expressing grave alarm at the total centralization and monopoly of State power by the executive branch, at the sociopolitical and human rights crisis in Nicaragua and at the dismantling of the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary and the separation of powers, including through the recent amendments to more than 100 articles of the Constitution, which entered into force in February 2025, pursuant to which the new legislative, judicial, electoral, control and oversight, regional and municipal “organs” are under the direct control of the newly created and designated Co-Presidents, and their multidimensional impact on the enjoyment of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, the elimination of respect for human dignity, of the prohibition against torture, of the right to strike, the restrictions on freedom of expression and of the press, and the weakening of procedural judicial guarantees, Expressing concern at the continuous refusal of Nicaragua to cooperate with international and regional human rights mechanisms, particularly the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, including its regional office in Central America, the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua and the special procedures of the Human Rights Council, and recalling that this refusal continues to create a protection gap in the country, Expressing grave concern at the decision of Nicaragua to disengage from the Human Rights Council and from all activities related to the Council and its mechanisms, Expressing grave concern also at the decision of Nicaragua, in February 2025, to withdraw from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Organization for Migration and the International Labour Organization, Expressing serious concern at the continued disregard of Nicaragua for its international human rights obligations, including its failure to engage with and submit periodic reports to the relevant treaty bodies, most recently by refusing to cooperate with both the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and even questioning the legitimacy of the treaty body system as a whole, Expressing concern at the decision of Nicaragua to denounce the Charter of the Organization of American States and recalling that Nicaragua is bound by its obligations under the American Convention on Human Rights, the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará), Noting that the Human Rights Council undertook a universal periodic review of Nicaragua in November 2024, that Nicaragua submitted its national report1 in August 2024 and that Nicaragua did not submit an addendum in which it took a position on the recommendations made during the review by the deadline set by the secretariat of the universal periodic review, Expressing grave concern at the violations of civil and political rights in the lead-up to and during the regional elections held in March 2024 in the North and the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Regions, in contravention of the obligations of Nicaragua to uphold the right of every citizen to take part in the conduct of public affairs and to vote and be elected in genuine periodic elections, including the continued failure of the Government of Nicaragua to implement electoral and institutional reforms aimed at guaranteeing free and fair elections, carried out in a transparent manner, the adoption and continued use of legal provisions that explicitly aim, or may be used, to restrict the ability of Nicaraguan citizens to participate in the political process, the continued exclusion from participation of political parties whose 1 2 A/HRC/WG.6/47/NIC/1.