A/RES/57/190 and child pornography, and which reaffirms that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are universal, Welcoming the outcome of the special session of the General Assembly on children 6 and the firm commitments contained therein to promote and protect the rights of each child — every human being below the age of 18 years, including adolescents, Welcoming also the Yokohama Global Commitment 2001 adopted at the Second World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, held at Yokohama, Japan, from 17 to 20 December 2001, 7 and calling upon States to consider its outcome, Welcoming further the integration of issues of child rights in the outcome documents of all major United Nations conferences, special sessions and summits, Profoundly concerned that the situation of girls and boys in many parts of the world remains critical as a result of the persistence of poverty, social inequality, inadequate social and economic conditions in an increasingly globalized world economy, pandemics, in particular the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malaria and tuberculosis, natural disasters, armed conflict, displacement, exploitation, violence, illiteracy, hunger, intolerance, discrimination and inadequate legal protection, and convinced that urgent and effective national and international action is called for, Underlining the need for mainstreaming a gender perspective in all policies and programmes relating to children, Recognizing the need for the realization of a standard of living adequate for the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development, the protection of the child from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the provision of universal and equal access to primary education and the implementation of the commitments on the education of children contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, 8 Concerned at the number of illegal adoptions, of children growing up without parents and of child victims of different forms of violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect within and outside the family, Concerned also by cases of international kidnapping of children by one of the parents, Recognizing that partnership among Governments, international organizations and all sectors of civil society, in particular non-governmental organizations and the private sector, is important to realizing the rights of the child, I Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1. Once again urges the States that have not yet done so to sign and ratify or accede to the Convention on the Rights of the Child2 as a matter of priority with a view to reaching the goal of universal adherence as soon as possible; _______________ 6 Resolution S-27/2, annex. See A/S-27/12, annex. 8 See resolution 55/2, para. 19. 7 2

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