A/HRC/RES/55/22 munitions, by all parties to the conflict, notably by the Syrian regime and its State and nonState allies; 8. Expresses grave concern in this regard at the continued and escalating violence, including air strikes and the use of cluster munitions, and the resulting civilian deaths and casualties, including children, and the destruction of civilian infrastructure, including medical facilities and schools, and cultural property across the Syrian Arab Republic, demands that all parties comply immediately with their respective obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for violations and abuses are held to account and that civilians are protected; 9. Strongly reiterates the call of the Secretary-General for a global ceasefire, the call of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria for a complete, immediate and nationwide ceasefire throughout the Syrian Arab Republic and the recommendation made by the Commission of Inquiry to immediately institute a permanent ceasefire in order to provide the space for Syrian-led negotiations, including the full and meaningful participation of women, and for the restoration of respect for human rights, and urges all parties to the conflict to direct their efforts to enact such a ceasefire; 10. Strongly supports the efforts of the Special Envoy to make progress in the political process and to advance further aspects of Security Council resolution 2254 (2015) of 18 December 2015, deplores the stalling of efforts to engage meaningfully and in good faith with the political process, and urges all parties to the conflict, and the Syrian authorities in particular, to advance all aspects of resolution 2254 (2015); 11. Welcomes the progress made towards establishing the Independent Institution on Missing Persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, as outlined by the Secretary-General in his report on the implementation of the decision taken by the General Assembly in its resolution 77/301 of 29 June 2023 establishing the Independent Institution on Missing Persons, under the auspices of the United Nations,8 to clarify the fate and whereabouts of all missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, to provide adequate support to victims, survivors and the families of those missing and to ensure the full and meaningful participation and representation of victims, survivors and the families of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic in its operationalization and work, including engagement with women’s organizations and other civil society organizations in a regular and sustained manner, and calls upon all parties to the conflict and other relevant actors to cooperate in good faith with the Independent Institution; 12. Notes the unique impact on the families, in particular women and children, of those subjected to enforced disappearance, arbitrarily detained or otherwise missing in the Syrian Arab Republic, which includes the often terrifying and demoralizing search for their loved ones, as well as the financial and legal challenges and stigma owing to persisting gender inequalities and discriminatory laws and practices; 13. Reiterates its call for all States, relevant United Nations bodies, international organizations and civil society to coordinate further efforts and proactively focus attention on the issue of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, including those who have been subjected to enforced disappearance, and to support the right of the families of missing persons to know the truth, and recalls the importance of promoting the full and meaningful participation of victims, survivors and their families in all efforts aimed at searching for the disappeared in the Syrian Arabic Republic; 14. Urges the Syrian authorities to share further information regarding the 344,684 detained and convicted persons who they claim to have benefited from “amnesty laws”,9 with regard to the documented executions during the Tadamun massacre, calls upon all parties to the conflict, but particularly the Syrian authorities, to cease all forms of abuse of detainees, including but not limited to torture of detainees in Syrian military intelligence facilities, physical abuses, mistreatment and sexual and gender-based violence, to grant appropriate 8 9 A/78/627. A/HRC/WG.6/40/SYR/1, para. 43. 5