A/HRC/RES/55/22 international monitoring bodies and medical services immediate access, without undue restrictions, to detainees and detention facilities, including all Syrian military facilities referred to by the Commission of Inquiry in its reports, to provide families with information on and return the remains of those missing and to cease reprisals against families for seeking further information on their missing and arbitrarily detained loved ones, and highlights the recent recommendations of the Commission in this regard; 15. Expresses deep concern that nearly 7 million refugees have been forced to flee the Syrian Arab Republic and that nearly 7 million people have been displaced within it during the course of the conflict, and at reports of demographic and social engineering throughout the country, calls upon all parties to the conflict to immediately cease activities that could cause further displacement, including any activities that may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, recalls the findings of the Commission of Inquiry and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights that the Syrian Arab Republic does not yet offer a safe and stable environment for the safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees or for those displaced inside the country, calls upon the Syrian authorities to protect returning refugees and internally displaced persons from human rights violations and abuses and to help to create the conditions necessary for the safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees, and notes in this regard the vulnerability of returnees due to gendered laws, including but not limited to discriminatory property and inheritance practices affecting women and the forced conscription of men; 16. Strongly condemns the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, demands that all parties desist from any use or preparation of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, expresses its strong conviction that those responsible for the use of chemical weapons must be held accountable, and welcomes in this regard the measures adopted in decision C-28/DEC.12 of 30 November 2023 of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction; 17. Also strongly condemns all acts of sexual and gender-based violence and abuse in the Syrian Arab Republic, as documented by the Commission of Inquiry in its reports to date, recognizes the need for a survivor-centred approach to preventing and responding to such violence and abuse, calls for immediate and non-discriminatory access to services, such as medical and psychosocial support, to be provided to all victims and survivors of such crimes, and for every effort to be made to ensure justice for those who have suffered as a result of such crimes, including accountability and reparations, and urges all parties to the conflict to respect and protect the full enjoyment by women and girls of their human rights and to heed the recommendations made by the Commission of Inquiry; 18. Urges all parties to immediately respect and protect the full enjoyment by children of all their human rights, and to prevent, and to protect children from, all forms of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, child, early and forced marriage, exploitation, violations and abuses, including the recruitment and use of children in the armed conflict, in contravention of international law, and attacks on schools, in contravention of international law; 19. Also urges all parties to ensure that children affected by the conflict receive appropriate assistance, including access to identity documentation, education, justice and health care, including the provision of mental health and psychosocial support, strongly condemns the use of schools for military purposes, in contravention of international law, and encourages the Commission of Inquiry to continue its investigation and documentation of violations and abuses of the rights of the child; 20. Decides to extend the mandate of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic for a period of one year; 21. Requests the Commission of Inquiry to give an oral update to the Human Rights Council during an interactive dialogue at its fifty-sixth session and to present an updated report during an interactive dialogue at both the fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth sessions of the Council; 6