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General comment No. 1 (2023) on enforced disappearance in the context of migration
- Body
- Committee on Enforced Disappearances
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2023
- Document code
- CED/C/GC/1
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 4 (2017) on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention in the context of article 22
- Body
- Committee against Torture
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- CAT/C/GC/4
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General recommendation No. 36 (2020) on preventing and combating racial profiling by law enforcement officials
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2020
- Document code
- CERD/C/GC/36
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 37 (2020) on the right of peaceful assembly
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2020
- Document code
- CCPR/C/GC/37
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
Article 6: right to life
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2019
- Document code
- CCPR/C/GC/36
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 26 (2022) on land and economic, social and cultural rights
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2023
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/26
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 25 (2020) on science and economic, social and cultural rights (article 15 (1) (b), (2), (3) and (4) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2020
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/25
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 8 (2022) on the right of persons with disabilities to work and employment
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/8
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 7 (2018) on the participation of persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, through their representative organizations, in the implementation and monitoring of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/7
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 6 (2018) on equality and non- discrimination
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/6
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 5 (2017) on living independently and being included in the community
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/5
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 26 (2023) on children’s rights and the environment, with a special focus on climate change*
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2023
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/26
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2021
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/25
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General comment No. 24 (2019) on children’s rights in the child justice system
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2019
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/24
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General recommendation No. 39 (2022) on the rights of Indigenous women and girls
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/39
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General recommendation No. 38 (2020) on trafficking in women and girls in the context of global migration
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2020
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/38
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
Joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (2019) on harmful practices
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2019
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31/Rev.1
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General recommendation No. 37 (2018) on the gender-related dimensions of disaster risk reduction in the context of climate change
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/37
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
General recommendation No. 36 (2017) on the right of girls and women to education
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/36
- Date added
- Mar 5, 2024
Document
B1 (HURIDOCS tests)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18
- Date added
- Dec 12, 2023
Document
A1
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18
- Date added
- Nov 17, 2023
Document
A1
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18
- Date added
- Nov 17, 2023
Document
A1
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18
- Date added
- Nov 17, 2023
Document
The right of the child to be heard
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/12
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/24
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/20
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW)
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Right of everyone to take part in cultural life (Art. 15, para. 1(a))
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/21
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Racial discrimination against people of African descent
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- CERD/C/GC/34
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2002
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 9: Liberty and security of person
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CCPR/C/GC/35
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Implementation of article 14 by States parties
- Body
- Committee against Torture
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2012
- Document code
- CAT/C/GC/3
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Migrant domestic workers
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- CMW/C/GC/1
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Application of article 9 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Application of article 8, paragraph 1, of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Equality in marriage and family relations
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1994
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Accessibility
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/2
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Implementing child rights in early childhood
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2006
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/7/REV.1
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Women and girls with disabilities
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/3
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention (Descent)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2002
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Unpaid women workers in rural and urban family enterprises
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1992
- Document code
- A/46/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Measurement and quantification of the unremunerated domestic activities of women and their recognition in the gross national product
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1991
- Document code
- A/46/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Avoidance of discrimination against women in national strategies for the prevention and control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Education and public information programme
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1987
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Follow-up to the Durban Review Conference
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- CERD/C/GC/33
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general principles regarding the human rights ...
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CMW/C/GC/3-CRC/C/GC/22
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general principles regarding the human rights ...
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CMW/C/GC/3-CRC/C/GC/22
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Rights of migrant workers in an irregular situation and members of their families
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CMW/C/GC/2
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to social security (Art. 9)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2007
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/19
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to water (Art. 11 and 12)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2002
- Document code
- E/C.12/2002/11
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 25: The right to participate in public affairs, voting rights and the right of equal access to public service
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1996
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Discrimination against non-citizens
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2004
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/30
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of c ...
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CMW/C/GC/4-CRC/C/GC/23
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of c ...
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CMW/C/GC/4-CRC/C/GC/23
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4)
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/19
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right of the child to have his or her best interest taken as a primary consideration
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/14
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/16
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Non-discrimination in economic, social and cultural rights (Art. 2, para. 2)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/20
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The role of national human rights institutions in the protection of economic, social and cultural rights
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1998
- Document code
- E/C.12/1998/24
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Persons with Disabilities
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1994
- Document code
- E/C.12/1994/13
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2004
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/32
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/29
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Tenth anniversary of the adoption of CEDAW
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Issues relating to reservations made upon ratification or accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in relation to declarations under article 41 of the Covenant
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1994
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/35
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/13
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Effective national machinery and publicity
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1988
- Document code
- A/43/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2005
- Document code
- CRC/GC/2005/6
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to adequate food (Art. 11)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1999
- Document code
- E/C.12/1999/5
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 17: The right to respect of privacy, family, home and correspondence, and protection of honour and reputation
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1988
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right of everyone to benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he or she is the author (Art. 15, para. 1 (c))
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2005
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/17
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Indigenous children and their rights under the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/11
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The rights of children with disabilities
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2007
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/9
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Children’s rights in juvenile justice
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2007
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/10
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/15
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right of the child to rest, leisure, play, recreational activities, cultural life and the arts
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/17
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
HIV/AIDS and the rights of the children
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2003
- Document code
- CRC/GC/2003/3
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
General Measures of Implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the Child
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2003
- Document code
- CRC/GC/2003/5
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to inclusive education
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention of the Rights of the Child
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2003
- Document code
- CRC/GC/2003/4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The Role of Independent National Human Rights Institutions in the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of the Child
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2002
- Document code
- CRC/GC/2002/2
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/22
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/23
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2005
- Document code
- E/C.12/2005/4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to the highest attainable standard of health (Art. 12)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2000
- Document code
- E/C.12/2000/4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The relationship between economic sanctions and respect for economic, social and cultural rights
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1997
- Document code
- E/C.12/1997/8
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The meaning and scope of special measures in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- CERD/C/GC/32
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Right to self-determination
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1996
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Training of law enforcement officials in the protection of human rights
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Core obligations of States parties under article 2
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2010
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/28
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The obligations of States parties under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2009
- Document code
- CCPR/C/GC/33
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 14: Right to Equality before Courts and Tribunals and to Fair Trial - replaces GC No. 13
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2007
- Document code
- CCPR/C/GC/32
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant - replaces GC No. 3
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2004
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 3: The equality of rights between men and women - replaces GC No. 4
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2000
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 10: Humane treatment of persons deprived of their liberty - replaces general comment 9 (Annex VI, B)
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 7: Prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment - replaces GC No. 7
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1992
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 20: Prohibition of propaganda for war and inciting national, racial or religious hatred
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1983
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Implementation of article 2 by States parties
- Body
- Committee against Torture
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2008
- Document code
- CAT/C/GC/2
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel and degrading forms of punishment
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2006
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/8
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The economic, social and cultural rights of older persons
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1995
- Document code
- E/C.12/1995/16
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 19: Freedoms of opinion and expression
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- CCPR/C/GC/34
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Equal recognition before the law
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- CRPD/C/GC/1
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Combatting racist hate speech
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- CERD/C/GC/35
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Discrimination against Roma
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2000
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Children in street situations
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- CRC/C/GC/21
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to work (Art. 6)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2005
- Document code
- E/C.12/GC/18
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Older women and protection of their human rights
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2010
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/27
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Women migrant workers
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2008
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/2009/WP.1/R
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Violence against women
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1992
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to education (Art. 13)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1999
- Document code
- E/C.12/1999/10
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Plans of action for primary education (Art. 14)
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1999
- Document code
- E/C.12/1999/4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The domestic application of the Covenant
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1998
- Document code
- E/C.12/1998/24
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Forced evictions
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1997
- Document code
- E/C.12/1997/4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to adequate housing
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1991
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Gender-related dimensions of racial discrimination
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2000
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Rights of rural women
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/34
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Women’s access to justice
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2015
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/33
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Political and public life
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1997
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Amending article 20 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1995
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Female circumcision
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 4: States of Emergency
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2001
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.11
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 12: Freedom of movement
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1999
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 27: The rights of minorities
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1994
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/REV.1/ADD.5
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 18: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/REV.1/ADD.4
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 23: Protection of the Family, the Right to Marriage and Equality of the Spouses
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Non-discrimination
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The position of aliens under the Covenant
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1986
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 14: Administration of justice
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1984
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 10: Humane treatment of persons deprived of liberty
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1982
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 3: Equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights - replaced by GC No. 28
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1981
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Technical assistance
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1991
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Overdue reports
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1982
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reservations to the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1992
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Violence against women
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 6: The right to life
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1985
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 5 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1996
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Interpretation and application of article 1, paragraphs 1 and 4 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting by States parties (article 1 of the Convention)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1973
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
States parties’ obligations (article. 4 of the Convention)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1972
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting by States parties
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1972
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 6: The right to life
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1982
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 4 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Technical advisory services for reporting obligations
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 19: Freedom of opinion and expression
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1983
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 24: Rights of the child
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 9: Right to liberty and security of persons
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1982
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 7: Torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment - replaced by GC No. 20
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1982
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting guidelines - superseded by CCPR/C/66/GUI, 1999
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1981
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 2: Implementation at the national level - replaced by GC No. 31
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1981
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 40: Reporting Obligations of States parties
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2002
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.2/Add.12
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 1: The right to self-determination of peoples
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1984
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The aims of education
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2001
- Document code
- CRC/GC/2001/1
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The nature of States parties’ obligations
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
International technical assistance measures
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1990
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting by States Parties
- Body
- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Rights of indigenous peoples
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1997
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 5 of the Convention on refugees and displaced persons
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1996
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Establishment of an international tribunal to prosecute crimes against humanity
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1994
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Establishment of national institutions to facilitate the implementation of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Implementation of article 4
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1985
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting by States parties (article 7 of the Convention)
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1977
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Temporary special measures
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2004
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Temporary special measures
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1988
- Document code
- A/43/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Women and health
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 6 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 2000
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 1 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 3 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1995
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Successor States
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Non-citizens
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1993
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
States parties’ obligations
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1972
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Disabled Women
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1991
- Document code
- A/46/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Statistical data
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Resources
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1988
- Document code
- A/43/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Implementation of article 8 of the Convention
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1988
- Document code
- A/43/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reservations
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1987
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting guidelines
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1987
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting by States parties
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1986
- Document code
- A/41/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Continuity of obligations
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1997
- Document code
- CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.8/Rev.1
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Reporting Obligation - replaced by GC No. 30
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1981
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Article 4: Derogations
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1981
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Equal remuneration for work of equal value
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Year
- 1989
- Document code
- A/45/38
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of c ... 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The Committees urge States parties to take all necessary measures to ensure that all children are immediately registered at birth and issued birth certificates, irrespective of their migration status or that of their parents. Legal and practical obstacles to birth registration should be removed, including by prohibiting data sharing between health providers or civil servants responsible for registration with immigration enforcement authorities; and not requiring parents to produce documentation regarding their migration status. Measures should also be taken to facilitate late registration of birth and to avoid financial penalties for late registration. Children who have not been registered should be ensured equal access to health care, protection, education and other social services.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general principles regarding the human rights ... 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The Committees encourage States parties to ensure that the authorities responsible for children’s rights have a leading role, with clear decision-making power, on policies, practices and decisions that affect the rights of children in the context of international migration. Comprehensive child protection systems at the national and local levels should mainstream into their programmes the situation of all children in the context of international migration, including in countries of origin, transit, destination and return. In addition to the mandates of child protection bodies, authorities responsible for migration and other related policies that affect children’s rights should also systematically assess and address the impacts on and needs of children in the context of international migration at every stage of policymaking and implementation.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Children in street situations 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- In the past, the terms used to describe children in street situations have included “street children”, “children on the street”, “children of the street”, “runaway children”, “throwaway children”, “children living and/or working on the street”, “homeless children” and “street-connected children”. In the present general comment, the term “children in street situations” is used to comprise: (a) children who depend on the streets to live and/or work, whether alone, with peers or with family; and (b) a wider population of children who have formed strong connections with public spaces and for whom the street plays a vital role in their everyday lives and identities. This wider population includes children who periodically, but not always, live and/or work on the streets and children who do not live or work on the streets but who regularly accompany their peers, siblings or family in the streets. Concerning children in street situations, “being in public spaces” is understood to include spending a significant amount of time on streets or in street markets, public parks, public community spaces, squares and bus and train stations. It does not include public buildings such as schools, hospitals or other comparable institutions.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equal recognition before the law 2014, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Article 12 of the Convention affirms that all persons with disabilities have full legal capacity. Legal capacity has been prejudicially denied to many groups throughout history, including women (particularly upon marriage) and ethnic minorities. However, persons with disabilities remain the group whose legal capacity is most commonly denied in legal systems worldwide. The right to equal recognition before the law implies that legal capacity is a universal attribute inherent in all persons by virtue of their humanity and must be upheld for persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others. Legal capacity is indispensable for the exercise of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. It acquires a special significance for persons with disabilities when they have to make fundamental decisions regarding their health, education and work. The denial of legal capacity to persons with disabilities has, in many cases, led to their being deprived of many fundamental rights, including the right to vote, the right to marry and found a family, reproductive rights, parental rights, the right to give consent for intimate relationships and medical treatment, and the right to liberty.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Accessibility 2014, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Accessibility is a precondition for persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully and equally in society. Without access to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communication, including information and communications technologies and systems, and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, persons with disabilities would not have equal opportunities for participation in their respective societies. It is no coincidence that accessibility is one of the principles on which the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is based (art. 3 (f)). Historically, the persons with disabilities movement has argued that access to the physical environment and public transport for persons with disabilities is a precondition for freedom of movement, as guaranteed under article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Similarly, access to information and communication is seen as a precondition for freedom of opinion and expression, as guaranteed under article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 19, paragraph 2, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Growing numbers of adolescent girls and boys migrate, either within or outside their country of origin, in search of improved standards of living, education or family reunification. For many, migration offers significant social and economic opportunities. However, it also poses risks, including physical harm, psychological trauma, marginalization, discrimination, xenophobia and sexual and economic exploitation and, when crossing borders, immigration raids and detention. Many adolescent migrants are denied access to education, housing, health, recreation, participation, protection and social security. Even where rights to services are protected by laws and policies, adolescents may face administrative and other obstacles in gaining access to such services, including: demands for identity documents or social security numbers; harmful and inaccurate age-determination procedures; financial and linguistic barriers; and the risk that gaining access to services will result in detention or deportation. The Committee refers States parties to its comprehensive recommendations elaborated in respect of migrant children.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Evolution of general comment No. 13. The present general comment builds on the existing guidance provided by the Committee in its review of States parties' reports and the respective concluding observations, the recommendations of two days of general discussion on violence against children, held in 2000 and 2001, general comment No. 8 (2006) on the right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel or degrading forms of punishment, and references in other general comments to the topic of violence. The present general comment draws attention to the recommendations of the 2006 report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (A/61/299) and calls on States parties to implement those recommendations without delay. It calls attention to the detailed guidance available in the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children. It also draws on the expertise and experience of United Nations agencies, Governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community organizations, development agencies, and children themselves in seeking to implement article 19 in practice.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The Committee has identified multiple forms of discrimination, many of which have particular implications in adolescence and necessitate an intersectional analysis and targeted holistic measures. Adolescence itself can be a source of discrimination. During this period, adolescents may be treated as dangerous or hostile, incarcerated, exploited or exposed to violence as a direct consequence of their status. Paradoxically, they are also often treated as incompetent and incapable of making decisions about their lives. The Committee urges States to ensure that all of the rights of every adolescent boy and girl are afforded equal respect and protection and that comprehensive and appropriate affirmative action measures are introduced in order to diminish or eliminate conditions that result in direct or indirect discrimination against any group of adolescents on any grounds. States are reminded that not every differentiation of treatment will constitute discrimination, if the criteria for such differentiation are reasonable and objective and if the aim is to achieve a purpose that is legitimate under the Convention.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Open-ended Working Group established by the Commission on Human Rights, which drafted the text of the Convention, rejected a proposal to define these matters by a list limiting the consideration of a child's or children's views. Instead, it was decided that the right of the child to be heard should refer to "all matters affecting the child". The Committee is concerned that children are often denied the right to be heard, even though it is obvious that the matter under consideration is affecting them and they are capable of expressing their own views with regard to this matter. While the Committee supports a broad definition of "matters", which also covers issues not explicitly mentioned in the Convention, it recognizes the clause "affecting the child", which was added in order to clarify that no general political mandate was intended. The practice, however, including the World Summit for Children, demonstrates that a wide interpretation of matters affecting the child and children helps to include children in the social processes of their community and society. Thus, States parties should carefully listen to children's views wherever their perspective can enhance the quality of solutions.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- States parties should conduct child rights impact assessments in order to ascertain the effect of legislation, policies and programmes on all children at the national and subnational levels, especially children in vulnerable situations who may have special needs and therefore require a disproportionate share of spending in order to have their rights realized. Child rights impact assessments should be part of each stage of the budget process and should complement other monitoring and evaluation efforts. While States parties will apply different methodologies and practices when undertaking child rights impact assessments, they should use the Convention and its Optional Protocols, as well as relevant concluding observations and general comments issued by the Committee, in developing their frameworks. The child rights impact assessments should be informed by stakeholders, such as children, civil society organizations, experts, State government structures and academic institutions. The analysis should result in recommendations for amendments, alternatives and improvements and should be publicly available.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The rights of children with disabilities 2007, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Inclusive education should be the goal of educating children with disabilities. The manner and form of inclusion must be dictated by the individual educational needs of the child, since the education of some children with disabilities requires a kind of support which may not be readily available in the regular school system. The Committee notes the explicit commitment towards the goal of inclusive education contained in the draft convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and the obligation for States to ensure that persons including children with disabilities are not excluded from the general education system on the basis of disability and that they receive the support required, within the general education system, to facilitate their effective education. It encourages States parties which have not yet begun a programme towards inclusion to introduce the necessary measures to achieve this goal. However, the Committee underlines that the extent of inclusion within the general education system may vary. A continuum of services and programme options must be maintained in circumstances where fully inclusive education is not feasible to achieve in the immediate future.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Children’s rights in juvenile justice 2007, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Committee fully supports the Riyadh Guidelines and agrees that emphasis should be placed on prevention policies that facilitate the successful socialization and integration of all children, in particular through the family, the community, peer groups, schools, vocational training and the world of work, as well as through voluntary organizations. This means, inter alia that prevention programmes should focus on support for particularly vulnerable families, the involvement of schools in teaching basic values (including information about the rights and responsibilities of children and parents under the law), and extending special care and attention to young persons at risk. In this regard, particular attention should also be given to children who drop out of school or otherwise do not complete their education. The use of peer group support and a strong involvement of parents are recommended. The States parties should also develop community-based services and programmes that respond to the special needs, problems, concerns and interests of children, in particular of children repeatedly in conflict with the law, and that provide appropriate counselling and guidance to their families.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health 2013, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months of age should be protected and promoted and breastfeeding should continue alongside appropriate complementary foods preferably until two years of age, where feasible. States' obligations in this area are defined in the "protect, promote and support" framework, adopted unanimously by the World Health Assembly. States are required to introduce into domestic law, implement and enforce internationally agreed standards concerning children's right to health, including the International Code on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and the relevant subsequent World Health Assembly resolutions, as well as the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Special measures should be taken to promote community and workplace support for mothers in relation to pregnancy and breastfeeding and feasible and affordable childcare services; and compliance with the International Labour Organization Convention No. 183 (2000) concerning the revision of the Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
HIV/AIDS and the rights of the children 2003, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The obligations of States parties under the Convention extend to ensuring that children have sustained and equal access to comprehensive treatment and care, including necessary HIV related drugs, goods and services on a basis of non-discrimination. It is now widely recognized that comprehensive treatment and care includes anti-retroviral and other drugs, diagnostics and related technologies for the care of HIV/AIDS, related opportunistic infections and other conditions, good nutrition, and social, spiritual and psychological support, as well as family, community and home-based care. In this regard, States parties should negotiate with the pharmaceutical industry in order to make the necessary medicines locally available at the lowest costs possible. Furthermore, States parties are requested to affirm, support and facilitate the involvement of communities in the provision of comprehensive HIV/AIDS treatment, care and support, while at the same time complying with their own obligations under the Convention. States parties are called upon to pay special attention to addressing those factors within their societies that hinder equal access to treatment, care and support for all children.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Rights of migrant workers in an irregular situation and members of their families 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The principle of non-refoulement, as contained in international and regional human rights and refugee law, is the prohibition on forcibly removing anyone, in any manner whatsoever, to a country or territory where they would be at real risk of persecution or serious human rights violations or abuses. In the view of the Committee, this principle covers the risk of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including inhumane and degrading conditions of detention for migrants or lack of necessary medical treatment in the country of return, as well as the risk to the right to life (arts. 9 and 10 of the Convention). It also applies to situations where individuals would not be protected from onward refoulement. The Committee is of the view that migrants and members of their families should be protected in cases where expulsions would constitute arbitrary interference with the right to family and private life. Migrants and members of their families in an irregular situation with international protection needs should also be protected against expulsion.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- States have an obligation to protect against infringements of rights guaranteed under the Convention and the Optional Protocols thereto by third parties. This duty is of primary importance when considering States' obligations with regards to the business sector. It means that States must take all necessary, appropriate and reasonable measures to prevent business enterprises from causing or contributing to abuses of children's rights. Such measures can encompass the passing of law and regulation, their monitoring and enforcement, and policy adoption that frame how business enterprises can impact on children's rights. States must investigate, adjudicate and redress violations of children's rights caused or contributed to by a business enterprise. A State is therefore responsible for infringements of children's rights caused or contributed to by business enterprises where it has failed to undertake necessary, appropriate and reasonable measures to prevent and remedy such infringements or otherwise collaborated with or tolerated the infringements.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
General Measures of Implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The Committee welcomes the incorporation of the Convention into domestic law, which is the traditional approach to the implementation of international human rights instruments in some but not all States. Incorporation should mean that the provisions of the Convention can be directly invoked before the courts and applied by national authorities and that the Convention will prevail where there is a conflict with domestic legislation or common practice. Incorporation by itself does not avoid the need to ensure that all relevant domestic law, including any local or customary law, is brought into compliance with the Convention. In case of any conflict in legislation, predominance should always be given to the Convention, in the light of article 27 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Where a State delegates powers to legislate to federated regional or territorial governments, it must also require these subsidiary governments to legislate within the framework of the Convention and to ensure effective implementation (see also paragraphs 40 et seq. below).
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Persons with disabilities, particularly women and girls, can be disproportionately affected by violence and abuse, including physical and humiliating punishments by educational personnel, for example, the use of restraints and seclusion, and bullying by others in and on route to school. Article 16 requires that States parties take all appropriate measures to protect from and prevent all forms of violence and abuse towards persons with disabilities, including sexual violence. Such measures must be age, gender and disability sensitive. The Committee strongly endorses the recommendations of the CRC, the Human Rights Committee and CESCR that States parties must prohibit all forms of corporal punishment, and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment in all settings, including schools, and ensure effective sanctions against perpetrators. It encourages schools and other educational centers to involve students, including students with disabilities, in the development of policies, including accessible protection mechanisms, to address disciplinary measures and bullying, including cyberbullying, which is increasingly recognized as a growing feature of the lives of students, particularly children.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The Committee is concerned that early marriage and pregnancy are significant factors in health problems related to sexual and reproductive health, including HIV/AIDS. Both the legal minimum age and actual age of marriage, particularly for girls, are still very low in several States parties. There are also non-health-related concerns: children who marry, especially girls, are often obliged to leave the education system and are marginalized from social activities. Further, in some States parties married children are legally considered adults, even if they are under 18, depriving them of all the special protection measures they are entitled under the Convention. The Committee strongly recommends that States parties review and, where necessary, reform their legislation and practice to increase the minimum age for marriage with and without parental consent to 18 years, for both girls and boys. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has made a similar recommendation (general comment No. 21 of 1994).
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- The realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health requires that States parties also meet their obligations under other provisions of the Covenant. For example, the right to sexual and reproductive health, combined with the right to education (articles 13 and 14) and the right to non-discrimination and equality between men and women (articles 2 (2) and 3), entails a right to education on sexuality and reproduction that is comprehensive, non-discriminatory, evidence-based, scientifically accurate and age appropriate. The right to sexual and reproductive health, combined with the right to work (article 6) and just and favourable working conditions (article 7), as well as the right to non discrimination and equality between men and women, also requires States to ensure employment with maternity protection and parental leave for workers, including workers in vulnerable situations, such as migrant workers or women with disabilities, as well as protection from sexual harassment in the workplace and prohibition of discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, parenthood, sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex status.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right of everyone to take part in cultural life (Art. 15, para. 1(a)) 2009, para. 16a
- Paragraph text
- [The following are necessary conditions for the full realization of the right of everyone to take part in cultural life on the basis of equality and non-discrimination.] Availability is the presence of cultural goods and services that are open for everyone to enjoy and benefit from, including libraries, museums, theatres, cinemas and sports stadiums; literature, including folklore, and the arts in all forms; the shared open spaces essential to cultural interaction, such as parks, squares, avenues and streets; nature's gifts, such as seas, lakes, rivers, mountains, forests and nature reserves, including the flora and fauna found there, which give nations their character and biodiversity; intangible cultural goods, such as languages, customs, traditions, beliefs, knowledge and history, as well as values, which make up identity and contribute to the cultural diversity of individuals and communities. Of all the cultural goods, one of special value is the productive intercultural kinship that arises where diverse groups, minorities and communities can freely share the same territory;
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right of everyone to take part in cultural life (Art. 15, para. 1(a)) 2009, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- The right of everyone to take part in cultural life is also recognized in article 27, paragraph 1, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that "everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community". Other international instruments refer to the right to equal participation in cultural activities; the right to participate in all aspects of social and cultural life; the right to participate fully in cultural and artistic life; the right of access to and participation in cultural life; and the right to take part on an equal basis with others in cultural life. Instruments on civil and political rights, on the rights of persons belonging to minorities to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, and to use their own language, in private and in public, and to participate effectively in cultural life, on the rights of indigenous peoples to their cultural institutions, ancestral lands, natural resources and traditional knowledge, and on the right to development also contain important provisions on this subject.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to social security (Art. 9) 2007, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- There is a strong presumption that retrogressive measures taken in relation to the right to social security are prohibited under the Covenant. If any deliberately retrogressive measures are taken, the State party has the burden of proving that they have been introduced after the most careful consideration of all alternatives and that they are duly justified by reference to the totality of the rights provided for in the Covenant, in the context of the full use of the maximum available resources of the State party. The Committee will look carefully at whether: (a) there was reasonable justification for the action; (b) alternatives were comprehensively examined; (c) there was genuine participation of affected groups in examining the proposed measures and alternatives; (d) the measures were directly or indirectly discriminatory; (e) the measures will have a sustained impact on the realization of the right to social security, an unreasonable impact on acquired social security rights or whether an individual or group is deprived of access to the minimum essential level of social security; and (f) whether there was an independent review of the measures at the national level.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to social security (Art. 9) 2007, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The right to social security plays an important role in supporting the realization of many of the rights in the Covenant, but other measures are necessary to complement the right to social security. For example, States parties should provide social services for rehabilitation of the injured and persons with disabilities in accordance with article 6 of the Covenant, provide child care and welfare, advice and assistance with family planning and the provision of special facilities for persons with disabilities and older persons (article 10); take measures to combat poverty and social exclusion and provide supporting social services (article 11); and adopt measures to prevent disease and improve health facilities, goods and services (article 12). States parties should also consider schemes that provide social protection to individuals belonging to disadvantaged and marginalized groups, for example crop or natural disaster insurance for small farmers or livelihood protection for self-employed persons in the informal economy. However, the adoption of measures to realize other rights in the Covenant will not in itself act as a substitute for the creation of social security schemes.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to the highest attainable standard of health (Art. 12) 2000, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- By virtue of article 2.2 and article 3, the Covenant proscribes any discrimination in access to health care and underlying determinants of health, as well as to means and entitlements for their procurement, on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, physical or mental disability, health status (including HIV/AIDS), sexual orientation and civil, political, social or other status, which has the intention or effect of nullifying or impairing the equal enjoyment or exercise of the right to health. The Committee stresses that many measures, such as most strategies and programmes designed to eliminate health-related discrimination, can be pursued with minimum resource implications through the adoption, modification or abrogation of legislation or the dissemination of information. The Committee recalls General Comment No. 3, paragraph 12, which states that even in times of severe resource constraints, the vulnerable members of society must be protected by the adoption of relatively low-cost targeted programmes.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2000
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to education (Art. 13) 1999, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The Committee notes that since the General Assembly adopted the Covenant in 1966, other international instruments have further elaborated the objectives to which education should be directed. Accordingly, the Committee takes the view that States parties are required to ensure that education conforms to the aims and objectives identified in article 13 (1), as interpreted in the light of the World Declaration on Education for All (Jomtien, Thailand, 1990) (art. 1), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (art. 29 (1)), the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (Part I, para. 33 and Part II, para. 80), and the Plan of Action for the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (para. 2). While all these texts closely correspond to article 13 (1) of the Covenant, they also include elements which are not expressly provided for in article 13 (1), such as specific references to gender equality and respect for the environment. These new elements are implicit in, and reflect a contemporary interpretation of article 13 (1). The Committee obtains support for this point of view from the widespread endorsement that the previously mentioned texts have received from all regions of the world.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Follow-up to the Durban Review Conference 2009, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Welcoming the adoption of the Outcome Document of the Durban Review Conference, held at the United Nations Office at Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009,
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Women and adolescent girls who have been, or are at risk of being, subjected to harmful practices face significant risks to their sexual and reproductive health, in particular in a context where they already encounter barriers to decision-making on such issues arising from lack of adequate information and services, including adolescent-friendly services. Special attention is therefore needed to ensure that women and adolescents have access to accurate information about sexual and reproductive health and rights and on the impacts of harmful practices, as well as access to adequate and confidential services. Age-appropriate education, which includes science-based information on sexual and reproductive health, contributes to empowering girls and women to make informed decisions and claim their rights. To this end, health-care providers and teachers with adequate knowledge, understanding and skills play a crucial role in conveying the information, preventing harmful practices and identifying and assisting women and girls who are victims of or might be at risk of being subjected to them.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Convention is a significant tool in international efforts to prevent and reduce statelessness because it particularly affects women and girls with regard to nationality rights. The Convention requires full protection of women's equality in nationality matters. Nationality is the legal bond between a person and a State and is critical to ensuring full participation in society. Nationality is also essential to guaranteeing the exercise and enjoyment of other rights, including the right to enter and reside permanently in the territory of a State and to return to that State from abroad. Article 9 of the Convention is therefore essential to the enjoyment of the full range of human rights by women. While human rights are to be enjoyed by everyone, regardless of nationality status, in practice nationality is frequently a prerequisite for the enjoyment of basic human rights. Without nationality, girls and women are subject to compounded discrimination as women and as non-nationals or stateless persons.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The Committee acknowledges that, as a matter of international law, the authorities of the country of origin are primarily responsible for providing protection to the citizens, including ensuring that women enjoy their rights under the Convention, and that it is only when such protection is not available that international protection is invoked to protect the basic human rights that are seriously at risk. However, the Committee notes that the fact that a woman asylum seeker has not sought the protection of the State or made a complaint to the authorities before her departure from her country of origin should not prejudice her asylum claim, especially where violence against women is tolerated or there is a pattern of failure in responding to women's complaints of abuse. It would not be realistic to require her to have sought protection in advance of her flight. She may also lack confidence in the justice system and access to justice or fear abuse, harassment or retaliation for making such complaints.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration are part of the broader security sector reform framework and among the first security initiatives put in place in post-conflict and transition periods. This notwithstanding, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes are rarely developed or implemented in coordination with security sector reform initiatives. This lack of coordination often undermines women's rights, such as when amnesties are granted in order to facilitate the reintegration into security sector positions of ex-combatants who have committed gender-based violations. Women are also excluded from positions within newly formed security sector institutions owing to a lack of planning and coordination in security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration initiatives. Inadequate vetting processes further impede gender-sensitive security sector reform, which is key to developing non-discriminatory, gender-responsive security sector institutions that address the security needs of women and girls, including disadvantaged groups.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Political and public life 1997, para. 47a
- Paragraph text
- [When reporting under article 7, States parties should:] Describe the legal provisions that give effect to the rights contained in article 7;
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1997
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Amending article 20 of the Convention 1995, para. N/A
- Paragraph text
- Considering that the articles of the Convention address the fundamental human rights of women in all aspects of their daily lives and in all areas of society and the State,
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 1995
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical advisory services for reporting obligations 1990, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Noting that 36 initial and 36 second periodic reports were due by 3 March 1989 and had not yet been received,
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1990
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 3: The equality of rights between men and women - replaces GC No. 4 2000, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- To fulfil their obligations under article 23, paragraph 4, States parties must ensure that the matrimonial regime contains equal rights and obligations for both spouses with regard to the custody and care of children, the children's religious and moral education, the capacity to transmit to children the parent's nationality, and the ownership or administration of property, whether common property or property in the sole ownership of either spouse. States parties should review their legislation to ensure that married women have equal rights in regard to the ownership and administration of such property, where necessary. Also, States parties should ensure that no sex-based discrimination occurs in respect of the acquisition or loss of nationality by reason of marriage, of residence rights, and of the right of each spouse to retain the use of his or her original family name or to participate on an equal basis in the choice of a new family name. Equality during marriage implies that husband and wife should participate equally in responsibility and authority within the family.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2000
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 25: The right to participate in public affairs, voting rights and the right of equal access to public service 1996, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- In contrast with other rights and freedoms recognized by the Covenant (which are ensured to all individuals within the territory and subject to the jurisdiction of the State) article 25 protects the rights of "every citizen". State reports should outline the legal provisions which define citizenship in the context of the rights protected by article 25. No distinctions are permitted between citizens in the enjoyment of these rights on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Distinctions between those who are entitled to citizenship by birth and those who acquire it by naturalization may raise questions of compatibility with article 25. State reports should indicate whether any groups, such as permanent residents, enjoy these rights on a limited basis, for example, by having the right to vote in local elections or to hold particular public service positions.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1996
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 1: The right to self-determination of peoples 1984, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- With regard to paragraph 1 of article 1, States parties should describe the constitutional and political processes which in practice allow the exercise of this right.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1984
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Implementation of article 14 by States parties 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The principle of non-discrimination is a basic and general principle in the protection of human rights and fundamental to the interpretation and application of the Convention. States parties shall ensure that access to justice and to mechanisms for seeking and obtaining redress are readily available and that positive measures ensure that redress is equally accessible to all persons regardless of race, colour, ethnicity, age, religious belief or affiliation, political or other opinion, national or social origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, mental or other disability, health status, economic or indigenous status, reason for which the person is detained, including persons accused of political offences or terrorist acts, asylum-seekers, refugees or others under international protection, or any other status or adverse distinction, and including those marginalized or made vulnerable on bases such as those above. Culturally sensitive collective reparation measures shall be available for groups with shared identity, such as minority groups, indigenous groups, and others. The Committee notes that collective measures do not exclude the individual right to redress.
- Body
- Committee against Torture
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- The Committee recommends that States parties take action to build opportunities for children to express their views and for those views to be given due weight with regard to the following issues.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Rights of migrant workers in an irregular situation and members of their families 2013, para. 36a
- Paragraph text
- [In accordance with article 17, paragraph 1, of the Convention, States parties have an obligation to treat migrant workers and members of their families who are deprived of their liberty with humanity, and with respect for their inherent dignity and cultural identity. In order to respect the inherent dignity of migrant workers and members of their families who are deprived of their liberty, States parties are obliged to ensure adequate conditions in line with applicable international standards, including the provision of adequate sanitary, bathing and shower facilities; adequate food (including appropriate food for those observing religious dietary laws) and drinking water; the right to communicate with relatives and friends; access to qualified medical personnel, and adequate opportunities to practise their faith, for example. It also requires States parties to ensure that they are not subjected to any form of inhumane treatment, including sexual violence and abuse, by guards or other detainees or inmates. States parties must therefore:] Train supervisory and other staff;
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention (Descent) 2002, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Commending the efforts of those States that have taken measures to eliminate descent based discrimination and remedy its consequences,
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2002
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 68a
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] The Committee recommends that States parties:Ratify the Optional Protocol;
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Women and health 1999, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Women have the right to be fully informed, by properly trained personnel, of their options in agreeing to treatment or research, including likely benefits and potential adverse effects of proposed procedures and available alternatives.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Persons with Disabilities 1994, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Institutionalization of persons with disabilities, unless rendered necessary for other reasons, cannot be regarded as an adequate substitute for the social security and income support rights of such persons.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 1994
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Children in street situations 2017, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Association and peaceful assembly are essential for children in street situations to claim their rights, for example, through working children’s unions and child-led associations. However, the Committee has regularly expressed concern in its concluding observations regarding the lack of political space afforded to children to speak out. This is particularly constrained for children in street situations, who often lack connections with a trustworthy adult who may be required to legally register an organization. Children in street situations may lack support in completing paperwork and gaining access to information to develop association and peaceful assembly initiatives. Children in street situations may be paid to boost numbers in protests or gatherings. They may be vulnerable to exploitation and unaware of the implications of joining such events, raising complex questions regarding the need to balance protection and participation rights. However, as expressed by the Committee in its concluding observations, this should not be used as an excuse to curtail their right to association and peaceful assembly. Article 15 requires States to empower children in street situations to exercise their participation rights and counter co-option and manipulation by adults.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The right to privacy takes on increasing significance during adolescence. The Committee has repeatedly raised concerns about violations of privacy in respect of, for example, confidential medical advice; space for and belongings of adolescents in institutions; correspondence and other communications, either in the family or other forms of care; and exposure of those involved in criminal proceedings. The right to privacy also entitles adolescents to have access to their records held by educational, health-care, childcare and protection services and justice systems. Such information should only be accessible in compliance with due process guarantees and to individuals authorized by law to receive and use it. States should, through dialogue with adolescents, ascertain where breaches of privacy have taken place, including in relation to personal engagement in the digital environment and the use of data by commercial and other entities. States should also take all appropriate measures to strengthen and ensure respect for the confidentiality of data and the privacy of adolescents, consistent with their evolving capacities.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 11b (i)
- Paragraph text
- [Right to non discrimination. Article 2 ensures rights to every child, without discrimination of any kind. The Committee urges States parties to identify the implications of this principle for realizing rights in early childhood:] [Article 2 also means that particular groups of young children must not be discriminated against. Discrimination may take the form of reduced levels of nutrition; inadequate care and attention; restricted opportunities for play, learning and education; or inhibition of free expression of feelings and views. Discrimination may also be expressed through harsh treatment and unreasonable expectations, which may be exploitative or abusive. For example:] Discrimination against girl children is a serious violation of rights, affecting their survival and all areas of their young lives as well as restricting their capacity to contribute positively to society. They may be victims of selective abortion, genital mutilation, neglect and infanticide, including through inadequate feeding in infancy. They may be expected to undertake excessive family responsibilities and deprived of opportunities to participate in early childhood and primary education;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2006
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The principle of non-discrimination, in all its facets, applies in respect to all dealings with separated and unaccompanied children. In particular, it prohibits any discrimination on the basis of the status of a child as being unaccompanied or separated, or as being a refugee, asylum seeker or migrant. This principle, when properly understood, does not prevent, but may indeed call for, differentiation on the basis of different protection needs such as those deriving from age and/or gender. Measures should also be taken to address possible misperceptions and stigmatization of unaccompanied or separated children within the society. Policing or other measures concerning unaccompanied or separated children relating to public order are only permissible where such measures are based on the law; entail individual rather than collective assessment; comply with the principle of proportionality; and represent the least intrusive option. In order not to violate the prohibition on non-discrimination, such measures can, therefore, never be applied on a group or collective basis.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2005
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Rights of migrant workers in an irregular situation and members of their families 2013, para. 36e
- Paragraph text
- [In accordance with article 17, paragraph 1, of the Convention, States parties have an obligation to treat migrant workers and members of their families who are deprived of their liberty with humanity, and with respect for their inherent dignity and cultural identity. In order to respect the inherent dignity of migrant workers and members of their families who are deprived of their liberty, States parties are obliged to ensure adequate conditions in line with applicable international standards, including the provision of adequate sanitary, bathing and shower facilities; adequate food (including appropriate food for those observing religious dietary laws) and drinking water; the right to communicate with relatives and friends; access to qualified medical personnel, and adequate opportunities to practise their faith, for example. It also requires States parties to ensure that they are not subjected to any form of inhumane treatment, including sexual violence and abuse, by guards or other detainees or inmates. States parties must therefore:] Bring those responsible to justice.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- When determining the level or form of reparation, mechanisms should take into account that children can be more vulnerable to the effects of abuse of their rights than adults and that the effects can be irreversible and result in lifelong damage. They should also take into account the evolving nature of children's development and capacities and reparation should be timely to limit ongoing and future damage to the child or children affected; for example, if children are identified as victims of environmental pollution, immediate steps should be taken by all relevant parties to prevent further damage to the health and development of children and repair any damage done. States should provide medical and psychological assistance, legal support and measures of rehabilitation to children who are victims of abuse and violence caused or contributed to by business actors. They should also guarantee non-recurrence of abuse through, for example, reform of relevant law and policy and their application, including prosecution and sanction of the business actors concerned.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Follow-up. The following must always be clear: (a) who has responsibility for the child and family from reporting and referral all the way through to follow-up; (b) the aims of any course of action taken - which must be fully discussed with the child and other relevant stakeholders; (c) the details, deadlines for implementation and proposed duration of any interventions; and (d) mechanisms and dates for the review, monitoring and evaluation of actions. Continuity between stages of intervention is essential and this may best be achieved through a case management process. Effective help requires that actions, once decided through a participatory process, must not be subject to undue delay. The follow-up must be understood in the context of article 39 (recovery and reintegration), article 25 (periodic review of treatment and placements), article 6, paragraph 2 (right to development) and article 29 (aims of education which present intentions and aspirations for development). Contact of the child with both parents should be ensured in accordance with article 9, paragraph 3, unless this is contrary to the best interests of the child.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to social security (Art. 9) 2007, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Social security, through its redistributive character, plays an important role in poverty reduction and alleviation, preventing social exclusion and promoting social inclusion.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Discrimination against non-citizens 2004, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the need to clarify the responsibilities of States parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination with regard to non citizens,
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to self-determination 1996, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- In order to respect fully the rights of all peoples within a State, Governments are again called upon to adhere to and implement fully the international human rights instruments and in particular the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Concern for the protection of individual rights without discrimination on racial, ethnic, tribal, religious or other grounds must guide the policies of Governments. In accordance with article 2 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and other relevant international documents, Governments should be sensitive towards the rights of persons belonging to ethnic groups, particularly their right to lead lives of dignity, to preserve their culture, to share equitably in the fruits of national growth and to play their part in the Government of the country of which they are citizens. Also, Governments should consider, within their respective constitutional frameworks, vesting persons belonging to ethnic or linguistic groups comprised of their citizens, where appropriate, with the right to engage in activities which are particularly relevant to the preservation of the identity of such persons or groups.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 1996
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- States parties should widely disseminate the present joint general recommendation/general comment to parliaments, Governments and the judiciary, nationally and locally. It should also be made known to children and women and all relevant professionals and stakeholders, including those working for and with children (i.e. judges, lawyers, police officers and other law enforcement officials, teachers, guardians, social workers, staff of public or private welfare institutions and shelters and health-care providers) and civil society at large. It should be translated into relevant languages and child-friendly/appropriate versions and formats accessible to persons with disabilities should be made available. Conferences, seminars, workshops and other events should be held to share good practice on how best to implement it. It should also be incorporated into the formal pre-service and in-service training of all relevant professionals and technical staff and should be made available to all national human rights institutions, women's organizations and other human rights non-governmental organizations.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Amending article 20 of the Convention 1995, para. N/A
- Paragraph text
- Concerned about the workload of the Committee as a result of the growing number of ratifications, in addition to the backlog of reports pending consideration, as reflected in annex I,
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1995
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Migrant women who live and work temporarily in another country should be permitted the same rights as men to have their spouses, partners and children join them.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1994
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general principles regarding the human rights ... 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The Committees encourage States parties to ensure that the authorities responsible for children’s rights have a leading role, with clear decision-making power, on policies, practices and decisions that affect the rights of children in the context of international migration. Comprehensive child protection systems at the national and local levels should mainstream into their programmes the situation of all children in the context of international migration, including in countries of origin, transit, destination and return. In addition to the mandates of child protection bodies, authorities responsible for migration and other related policies that affect children’s rights should also systematically assess and address the impacts on and needs of children in the context of international migration at every stage of policymaking and implementation.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Following the adoption of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, many States or regional organizations have adopted action plans on business and human rights. This is a welcome development, particularly if such action plans set specific and concrete targets, allocate responsibilities across actors, and define the time frame and necessary means for their adoption. Action plans on business and human rights should incorporate human rights principles, including effective and meaningful participation, non-discrimination and gender equality, and accountability and transparency. Progress in implementing such action plans should be monitored, and such plans should place equal emphasis on all categories of human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights. As regards the requirement of participation in the design of such plans, the Committee recalls the fundamental role that national human rights institutions and civil society organizations can and should play in achieving the full realization of Covenant rights in the context of business activities.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- States parties have the duty to take necessary steps to address these challenges in order to prevent a denial of justice and ensure the right to effective remedy and reparation. This requires States parties to remove substantive, procedural and practical barriers to remedies, including by establishing parent company or group liability regimes, providing legal aid and other funding schemes to claimants, enabling human rights-related class actions and public interest litigation, facilitating access to relevant information and the collection of evidence abroad, including witness testimony, and allowing such evidence to be presented in judicial proceedings. The extent to which an effective remedy is available and realistic in the alternative jurisdiction should be an overriding consideration in judicial decisions relying on forum non conveniens considerations. The introduction by corporations of actions to discourage individuals or groups from exercising remedies, for instance by alleging damage to a corporation’s reputation, should not be abused to create a chilling effect on the legitimate exercise of such remedies.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Victims of transnational corporate abuses face specific obstacles in accessing effective remedies. In addition to the difficulty of proving the damage or establishing the causal link between the conduct of the defendant corporation located in one jurisdiction and the resulting violation in another, transnational litigation is often prohibitively expensive and time-consuming, and in the absence of strong mechanisms for mutual legal assistance, the collection of evidence and the execution in one State of judgments delivered in another State present specific challenges. In some jurisdictions, the forum non conveniens doctrine, according to which a court may decline to exercise jurisdiction if another forum is available to victims, may in effect constitute a barrier to the ability of victims residing in one State to seek redress before the courts of the State where the defendant business is domiciled. Practice shows that claims are often dismissed under this doctrine in favour of another jurisdiction without necessarily ensuring that victims have access to effective remedies in the alternative jurisdiction.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- The Committee has previously considered the growing impact of business activities on the enjoyment of specific Covenant rights relating to health, housing, food, water, social security, the right to work, the right to just and favourable conditions of work and the right to form and join trade unions. In addition, the Committee has addressed the issue in concluding observations on States parties’ reports, and in its first decision on an individual communication. In 2011, it adopted a statement on State obligations related to corporate responsibilities in the context of the Covenant rights. The present general comment should be read together with these earlier contributions. It also takes into account advances within the International Labour Organization and within regional organizations such as the Council of Europe. In adopting the present general comment, the Committee has considered the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights endorsed by the Human Rights Council in 2011, as well as the contributions made to this issue by human rights treaty bodies and various special procedures.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 2017, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The present general recommendation complements and updates the guidance to States parties set out in general recommendation No. 19 and should be read in conjunction with it.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Children in street situations 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- In a child rights approach, the process of realizing children’s rights is as important as the end result. A child rights approach ensures respect for the dignity, life, survival, well-being, health, development, participation and non-discrimination of the child as a rights holder.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Children in street situations 2017, para. 9c
- Paragraph text
- [The objectives of the general comment are:] To identify the implications of particular articles of the Convention for children in street situations to enhance respect for them as rights holders and full citizens, and to enhance understanding of children’s connections to the street.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 29g
- Paragraph text
- [Harmful practices. These include, but are not limited to:] Accusations of "witchcraft" and related harmful practices such as "exorcism";
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 29a
- Paragraph text
- [Harmful practices. These include, but are not limited to:] Corporal punishment and other cruel or degrading forms of punishment;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 25c
- Paragraph text
- [Sexual abuse and exploitation. Sexual abuse and exploitation includes:] The use of children in audio or visual images of child sexual abuse;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 11f
- Paragraph text
- [The present general comment seeks:] To highlight the need for all States parties to move quickly to fulfil their obligations under article 19.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 11b
- Paragraph text
- [The present general comment seeks:] To outline the legislative, judicial, administrative, social and educational measures that States parties must take;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence 2016, para. 7b
- Paragraph text
- [The objectives of the present general comment are:] To raise awareness of the opportunities afforded by and challenges faced during adolescence;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- The Committee encourages all of the above stakeholders to share good practices in relation to the content of the general comment.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- States parties should translate the general comment into relevant languages and make child appropriate versions available.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The court and other hearings of a child in conflict with the law should be conducted behind closed doors. Exceptions to this rule should be very limited, clearly outlined in national legislation and guided by the best interests of the child.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- In penal proceedings, the right of child to express her or his views freely in all matters affecting the child has to be fully respected and implemented throughout every stage of the process of juvenile justice.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- [In order to fulfil these obligations, States parties should adopt the following strategies:] Establish independent human rights institutions, such as children's ombudsmen or commissioners with a broad children's rights mandate
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Experience indicates that the situation should have the format of a talk rather than a one sided examination. Preferably, a child should not be heard in open court, but under conditions of confidentiality.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- When rules of procedure are not adhered to, the decision of the court or the administrative authority can be challenged and may be overturned, substituted, or referred back for further juridical consideration.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Committee emphasizes that a child should not be interviewed more often than necessary, in particular when harmful events are explored. The "hearing" of a child is a difficult process that can have a traumatic impact on the child.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- States parties must ensure conditions for expressing views that account for the child's individual and social situation and an environment in which the child feels respected and secure when freely expressing her or his opinions.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Indigenous children and their rights under the Convention 2009, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The Committee notes with concern that disproportionately high numbers of indigenous children live in extreme poverty, a condition which has a negative impact on their survival and development. The Committee is furthermore concerned over the high infant and child mortality rates as well as malnutrition and diseases among indigenous children. Article 4 obliges States parties to address economic, social and cultural rights to the maximum extent of their available resources and where needed with international cooperation. Articles 6 and 27 provide the right of children to survival and development as well as an adequate standard of living. States should assist parents and others responsible for the indigenous child to implement this right by providing culturally appropriate material assistance and support programmes, particularly with regard to nutrition, clothing and housing. The Committee stresses the need for States parties to take special measures to ensure that indigenous children enjoy the right to an adequate standard of living and that these, together with progress indicators, be developed in partnership with indigenous peoples, including children.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Year
- 2009
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public budgeting for the realization of children’s rights (art. 4) 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The obligation imposed on States parties by article 4 to realize children's economic, social and cultural rights "to the maximum extent" also means that they should not take deliberate retrogressive measures in relation to economic, social and cultural rights. States parties should not allow the existing level of enjoyment of children's rights to deteriorate. In times of economic crisis, regressive measures may only be considered after assessing all other options and ensuring that children are the last to be affected, especially children in vulnerable situations. States parties shall demonstrate that such measures are necessary, reasonable, proportionate, non-discriminatory and temporary and that any rights thus affected will be restored as soon as possible. States parties should take appropriate measures so that the groups of children who are affected, and others with knowledge about those children's situation, participate in the decision-making process related to such measures. The immediate and minimum core obligations imposed by children's rights shall not be compromised by any retrogressive measures, even in times of economic crisis.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The rights of children with disabilities 2007, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Causes of disabilities are multiple and, therefore, the quality and level of prevention vary. Inherited diseases that often cause disabilities can be prevented in some societies that practice consanguineous marriages and under such circumstances public awareness and appropriate pre-conception testing would be recommended. Communicable diseases are still the cause of many disabilities around the world and immunization programmes need to be stepped up aiming to achieve universal immunization against all preventable communicable diseases. Poor nutrition has a long-term impact upon children's development and it can lead to disabilities, such as blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency. The Committee recommends that States parties introduce and strengthen prenatal care for children and ensure adequate quality of the assistance given during the delivery. It also recommends that States parties provide adequate post-natal health-care services and develop campaigns to inform parents and others caring for the child about basic child healthcare and nutrition. In this regard, the Committee also recommends that the States parties continue to cooperate and seek technical assistance with, among others, WHO and UNICEF.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The rights of children with disabilities 2007, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- More often than not, adults with and without disabilities make policies and decisions related to children with disabilities while the children themselves are left out of the process. It is essential that children with disabilities be heard in all procedures affecting them and that their views be respected in accordance with their evolving capacities. In order for this principle to be respected, children should be represented in various bodies such as parliament, committees and other forums where they may voice views and participate in the making of decisions that affect them as children in general and as children with disabilities specifically. Engaging children in such a process not only ensures that the policies are targeted to their needs and desires, but also functions as a valuable tool for inclusion since it ensures that the decision-making process is a participatory one. Children should be provided with whatever mode of communication they need to facilitate expressing their views. Furthermore, States parties should support the training for families and professionals on promoting and respecting the evolving capacities of children to take increasing responsibilities for decision-making in their own lives.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Children’s rights in juvenile justice 2007, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The right of a child to have his/her privacy fully respected during all stages of the proceedings reflects the right to protection of privacy enshrined in article 16 of CRC. "All stages of the proceedings" includes from the initial contact with law enforcement (e.g. a request for information and identification) up until the final decision by a competent authority, or release from supervision, custody or deprivation of liberty. In this particular context, it is meant to avoid harm caused by undue publicity or by the process of labelling. No information shall be published that may lead to the identification of a child offender because of its effect of stigmatization, and possible impact on his/her ability to have access to education, work, housing or to be safe. It means that a public authority should be very reluctant with press releases related to offences allegedly committed by children and limit them to very exceptional cases. They must take measures to guarantee that children are not identifiable via these press releases. Journalists who violate the right to privacy of a child in conflict with the law should be sanctioned with disciplinary and when necessary (e.g. in case of recidivism) with penal law sanctions.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2007
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- A positive agenda for early childhood. The Committee encourages States parties to construct a positive agenda for rights in early childhood. A shift away from traditional beliefs that regard early childhood mainly as a period for the socialization of the immature human being towards mature adult status is required. The Convention requires that children, including the very youngest children, be respected as persons in their own right. Young children should be recognized as active members of families, communities and societies, with their own concerns, interests and points of view. For the exercise of their rights, young children have particular requirements for physical nurturance, emotional care and sensitive guidance, as well as for time and space for social play, exploration and learning. These requirements can best be planned for within a framework of laws, policies and programmes for early childhood, including a plan for implementation and independent monitoring, for example through the appointment of a children's rights commissioner, and through assessments of the impact of laws and policies on children (see general comment No. 2 (2002) on the role of independent human rights institutions, para. 19).
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2006
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to rest, leisure, play, recreational activities, cultural life and the arts 2013, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Play and recreation are essential to the health and well-being of children and promote the development of creativity, imagination, self-confidence, self-efficacy, as well as physical, social, cognitive and emotional strength and skills. They contribute to all aspects of learning; they are a form of participation in everyday life and are of intrinsic value to the child, purely in terms of the enjoyment and pleasure they afford. Research evidence highlights that playing is also central to children's spontaneous drive for development, and that it performs a significant role in the development of the brain, particularly in the early years. Play and recreation facilitate children's capacities to negotiate, regain emotional balance, resolve conflicts and make decisions. Through their involvement in play and recreation, children learn by doing; they explore and experience the world around them; experiment with new ideas, roles and experiences and in so doing, learn to understand and construct their social position within the world.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- [States must have full respect for the preconditions provided under article 21 of the Convention as well as other relevant international instruments, including in particular the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Inter-Country Adoption and its 1994 Recommendation Concerning the Application to Refugee and other Internationally Displaced Children when considering the adoption of unaccompanied and separated children. States should, in particular, observe the following:] Adoption of unaccompanied or separated children should only be considered once it has been established that the child is in a position to be adopted. In practice, this means, inter alia, that efforts with regard to tracing and family reunification have failed, or that the parents have consented to the adoption. The consent of parents and the consent of other persons, institutions and authorities that are necessary for adoption must be free and informed. This supposes notably that such consent has not been induced by payment or compensation of any kind and has not been withdrawn;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2005
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- When assessing refugee claims of unaccompanied or separated children, States shall take into account the development of, and formative relationship between, international human rights and refugee law, including positions developed by UNHCR in exercising its supervisory functions under the 1951 Refugee Convention. In particular, the refugee definition in that Convention must be interpreted in an age and gender-sensitive manner, taking into account the particular motives for, and forms and manifestations of, persecution experienced by children. Persecution of kin; under-age recruitment; trafficking of children for prostitution; and sexual exploitation or subjection to female genital mutilation, are some of the child-specific forms and manifestations of persecution which may justify the granting of refugee status if such acts are related to one of the 1951 Refugee Convention grounds. States should, therefore, give utmost attention to such child-specific forms and manifestations of persecution as well as gender-based violence in national refugee status-determination procedures.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2005
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to have his or her best interest taken as a primary consideration 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- However, since article 3, paragraph 1, covers a wide range of situations, the Committee recognizes the need for a degree of flexibility in its application. The best interests of the child - once assessed and determined - might conflict with other interests or rights (e.g. of other children, the public, parents, etc.). Potential conflicts between the best interests of a child, considered individually, and those of a group of children or children in general have to be resolved on a case-by-case basis, carefully balancing the interests of all parties and finding a suitable compromise. The same must be done if the rights of other persons are in conflict with the child's best interests. If harmonization is not possible, authorities and decision-makers will have to analyse and weigh the rights of all those concerned, bearing in mind that the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration means that the child's interests have high priority and not just one of several considerations. Therefore, a larger weight must be attached to what serves the child best.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 31 (i)
- Paragraph text
- [The best interests of the child must also be a guiding principle for determining the priority of protection needs and the chronology of measures to be applied in respect of unaccompanied and separated children. This necessary initial assessment process, in particular, entails the following:] Prioritized identification of a child as separated or unaccompanied immediately upon arrival at ports of entry or as soon as their presence in the country becomes known to the authorities (art. 8). Such identification measures include age assessment and should not only take into account the physical appearance of the individual, but also his or her psychological maturity. Moreover, the assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child; giving due respect to human dignity; and, in the event of remaining uncertainty, should accord the individual the benefit of the doubt such that if there is a possibility that the individual is a child, she or he should be treated as such;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2005
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
HIV/AIDS and the rights of the children 2003, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The use of substances, including alcohol and drugs, may reduce the ability of children to exert control over their sexual conduct and, as a result, may increase their vulnerability to HIV infection. Injecting practices using unsterilized instruments further increase the risk of HIV transmission. The Committee notes that greater understanding of substance use behaviours among children is needed, including the impact that neglect and violation of the rights of the child has on these behaviours. In most countries, children have not benefited from pragmatic HIV prevention programmes related to substance use, which even when they do exist have largely targeted adults. The Committee wishes to emphasize that policies and programmes aimed at reducing substance use and HIV transmission must recognize the particular sensitivities and lifestyles of children, including adolescents, in the context of HIV/AIDS prevention. Consistent with the rights of children under articles 33 and 24 of the Convention, States parties are obligated to ensure the implementation of programmes which aim to reduce the factors that expose children to the use of substances, as well as those that provide treatment and support to children who are abusing substances.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Women and girls with disabilities 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities are exposed to compounded stereotypes that can be particularly harmful. Disability and gender stereotypes applying to women with disabilities include, but are not limited to: being burdensome to others (that they must be cared for, are a cause of hardship, an affliction, a responsibility, require protection), vulnerable (defenceless, unsafe, dependent, reliant, unsafe) and/or victims (suffering, passive, helpless), inferior (inability, inadequacy, weak, worthless); have a sexual abnormality (for example, women with disabilities are stereotyped as asexual, inactive, overactive, incapable, sexually perverse), being mystical or sinister (stereotyped as cursed, possessed by spirits, practitioners of witchcraft, as being good or bad luck, harmful). Gender and/or disability stereotyping is the practice of ascribing to a specific individual a stereotypical belief, and it is wrongful when it results in a violation or violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. An example of this is the failure of the justice system to hold the perpetrator of sexual violence against a woman with disability accountable based on stereotypical views about her sexuality or on her credibility as a witness.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Committee recommends that States widely disseminate the present general comment with parliament and across government, including within ministries, departments and municipal/local-level bodies working on business issues and those responsible for trade and investment abroad, such as development assistance agencies and overseas missions. The present general comment should be distributed to business enterprises, including those operating transnationally, as well as to small and medium-sized enterprises and actors in the informal sector. It should also be distributed and made known to professionals working for and with children, including judges, lawyers and legal aid providers, teachers, guardians, social workers, officials of public or private welfare institutions, as well as to all children and civil society. This will require translating it into relevant languages, making accessible and child-friendly versions available, holding workshops and seminars to discuss its implications and how best to implement it, and incorporating it into the training of all relevant professionals.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
General Measures of Implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In its reporting guidelines and in the consideration of States parties' reports, the Committee has paid much attention to the identification and analysis of resources for children in national and other budgets. No State can tell whether it is fulfilling children's economic, social and cultural rights "to the maximum extent of … available resources", as it is required to do under article 4, unless it can identify the proportion of national and other budgets allocated to the social sector and, within that, to children, both directly and indirectly. Some States have claimed it is not possible to analyse national budgets in this way. But others have done it and publish annual "children's budgets". The Committee needs to know what steps are taken at all levels of Government to ensure that economic and social planning and decision-making and budgetary decisions are made with the best interests of children as a primary consideration and that children, including in particular marginalized and disadvantaged groups of children, are protected from the adverse effects of economic policies or financial downturns.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Rights of migrant workers in an irregular situation and members of their families 2013, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Article 25 provides for equality in treatment regarding remuneration and other conditions of work between nationals and migrants and also guarantees this right in private employment contracts, notwithstanding the status of the migrant worker. Article 25, paragraph 3, states that employers shall not be relieved of any legal or contractual obligations, nor shall their obligations be limited in any manner by reason of any irregularity in the stay or employment of migrant workers. States parties shall provide for appropriate sanctions for employers who derogate from the principle of equality of treatment in private employment contracts with migrant workers in an irregular situation, and ensure that those migrant workers have access to labour courts or other judicial remedies when their rights are violated and without fear of being deported (art. 83). To give effect to this provision, the Committee is of the view that States parties shall also put in place an effective monitoring system for workplaces, especially in industries known to be employing migrant workers in an irregular situation.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Women and girls with disabilities 2016, para. 17e
- Paragraph text
- Structural or systemic discrimination are hidden or overt patterns of discriminatory institutional behaviour, discriminatory cultural traditions, social norms and/or rules. Harmful gender and disability stereotyping can lead to such discrimination, inextricably linked to a lack of policies, regulation and service provision specifically for women with disabilities. For example, due to stereotyping based on the intersection of gender and disability, women with disabilities may face barriers when reporting violence, such as disbelief and dismissal by police, prosecutors and courts. Likewise, harmful practices are strongly connected to and reinforce socially constructed gender roles and power relations that can reflect negative perceptions of, or discriminatory beliefs regarding women with disabilities, such as the belief that men with HIV/AIDS can be cured by engaging in sexual intercourse with women with disabilities . The lack of awareness training and policies to prevent harmful stereotyping of women with disabilities by public officials, be it teachers, health service providers, police officers, prosecutors, judges,. and the public at large can often lead to individual instances of violations of rights.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The mass media industry, including advertising and marketing industries, can have positive as well as negative impacts on children's rights. Under article 17 of the Convention, States have obligations to encourage the mass media, including private media, to disseminate information and materials of social and cultural benefit to the child, for example regarding healthy lifestyles. The media must be regulated appropriately to protect children from harmful information, especially pornographic materials and materials that portray or reinforce violence, discrimination and sexualized images of children, while recognizing children's right to information and freedom of expression. States should encourage the mass media to develop guidelines to ensure full respect for the rights of the child, including their protection from violence and from portrayals that perpetuate discrimination, in all media coverage. States should establish copyright exceptions which permit the reproduction of books and other printed publications in formats that are accessible for children with visual or other impairments.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- States must adopt specific measures that take account of the involvement of the private sector in service delivery to ensure the rights enumerated in the Convention are not compromised. They have an obligation to set standards in conformity with the Convention and closely monitor them. Inadequate oversight, inspection and monitoring of these bodies can result in serious violations of children's rights such as violence, exploitation and neglect. They must ensure that such provision does not threaten children's access to services on the basis of discriminatory criteria, especially under the principle of protection from discrimination, and that, for all service sectors, children have access to an independent monitoring body, complaints mechanisms and, where relevant, to judicial recourse that can provide them with effective remedies in case of violations. The Committee recommends that there should be a permanent monitoring mechanism or process aimed at ensuring that all non-State service providers have in place and apply policies, programmes and procedures which are in compliance with the Convention.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
General Measures of Implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Many States parties have with advantage developed a specific department or unit close to the heart of Government, in some cases in the President's or Prime Minister's or Cabinet office, with the objective of coordinating implementation and children's policy. As noted above, the actions of virtually all government departments impact on children's lives. It is not practicable to bring responsibility for all children's services together into a single department, and in any case doing so could have the danger of further marginalizing children in Government. But a special unit, if given high-level authority reporting directly, for example, to the Prime Minister, the President or a Cabinet Committee on children can contribute both to the overall purpose of making children more visible in Government and to coordination to ensure respect for children's rights across Government and at all levels of Government. Such a unit can be given responsibility for developing the comprehensive children's strategy and monitoring its implementation, as well as for coordinating reporting under the Convention.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2003
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Article 8 calls for measures to raise awareness and challenge stereotypes, prejudices and harmful practices regarding persons with disabilities, particularly targeting those affecting women and girls with disabilities and persons with intellectual disabilities and intensive support requirements. These barriers impede both access to, and effective learning within the education system. The Committee notes the practice of some parents of children without disabilities removing their children from inclusive schools, based on lack of awareness and understanding of the nature of disability. States parties must adopt measures to build a culture of diversity, participation and involvement into community life and to highlight inclusive education as a means to achieve a quality education for all students, with and without disabilities, parents, teachers and school administrations, as well as the community and society. States parties must ensure that mechanisms are in place to foster, at all levels of the education system, and among parents and the wider public, an attitude of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities. Civil society, in particular OPDs, should be involved in all awareness raising activities.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- The Committee is mindful of the relevance to the general comment of existing and evolving national and international norms, standards and policy guidance on business and human rights. The general comment is consistent with international conventions, including the International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions No. 182 (1999) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour and No. 138 (1973) concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment. The Committee recognizes the relevance of the United Nations "Protect, Respect and Remedy" Framework and the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights adopted by the Human Rights Council, and of the ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinationals and Social Policy. Other documents, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the Global Compact, the United Nations Study on Violence against Children and the Children's Rights and Business Principles have been useful references for the Committee.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 72b
- Paragraph text
- [Elements to be mainstreamed into national coordinating frameworks. The following elements need to be mainstreamed across the measures (legislative, administrative, social and educational) and stages of intervention (from prevention through to recovery and reintegration):] The gender dimensions of violence against children. States parties should ensure that policies and measures take into account the different risks facing girls and boys in respect of various forms of violence in various settings. States should address all forms of gender discrimination as part of a comprehensive violence-prevention strategy. This includes addressing gender-based stereotypes, power imbalances, inequalities and discrimination which support and perpetuate the use of violence and coercion in the home, in school and educational settings, in communities, in the workplace, in institutions and in society more broadly. Men and boys must be actively encouraged as strategic partners and allies, and along with women and girls, must be provided with opportunities to increase their respect for one another and their understanding of how to stop gender discrimination and its violent manifestations;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The following two articles of the Convention also have all-embracing relevance which gives them particular significance for the implementation of article 19.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 55b
- Paragraph text
- [Judicial involvement may consist of the following:] Juvenile or family court intervention leading to a specific measure of child protection;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Contract law. National laws and regulations pertaining to contracts are often inapplicable to domestic work and/or domestic workers, either categorically or as a practical matter because domestic work is performed in the informal labour market.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Migrant domestic workers may encounter difficulties in reintegrating into the labour market and society in their countries of origin upon their return. They may also encounter difficulties related to the portability of pension and social security benefits.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The prolonged absence of migrant domestic workers negatively affects the family unity, and the social and psychological wellbeing of members of their families and also often results in violations of the rights of their children who have remained in the country of origin.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 13a
- Paragraph text
- [In the workplace, many are subjected to abusive working conditions, including:] Partial and in many cases, total, restriction on movement outside the house and on communication with individuals outside the house, including with family members left behind;
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The obligation to respect also requires States to repeal, and refrain from enacting, laws and policies that create barriers in access to sexual and reproductive health services. This includes third-party authorization requirements, such as parental, spousal and judicial authorization requirements for access to sexual and reproductive health services and information, including for abortion and contraception; biased counselling and mandatory waiting periods for divorce, remarriage or access to abortion services; mandatory HIV testing; and the exclusion of particular sexual and reproductive health services from public funding or foreign assistance funds. The dissemination of misinformation and the imposition of restrictions on the right of individuals to access information about sexual and reproductive health also violates the duty to respect human rights. National and donor States must refrain from censoring, withholding, misrepresenting or criminalizing the provision of information on sexual and reproductive health, both to the public and to individuals. Such restrictions impede access to information and services, and can fuel stigma and discrimination.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 4g
- Paragraph text
- [Barriers that impede access to inclusive education for persons with disabilities can be attributed to multiple factors, including:] lack of legal remedies and mechanisms to claim redress for violations.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 41j
- Paragraph text
- [State parties that have not yet done so must:] Establish and support an independent national institution of children's rights.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 41g
- Paragraph text
- [State parties that have not yet done so must:] Ensure that relevant legislation provides adequate protection of children in relation to media and ICT;
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The Role of Independent National Human Rights Institutions in the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of the Child 2002, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- NHRIs should, if possible, be constitutionally entrenched and must at least be legislatively mandated. It is the view of the Committee that their mandate should include as broad a scope as possible for promoting and protecting human rights, incorporating the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols and other relevant international human rights instruments - thus effectively covering children's human rights, in particular their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The legislation should include provisions setting out specific functions, powers and duties relating to children linked to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols. If the NHRI was established before the existence of the Convention, or without expressly incorporating it, necessary arrangements, including the enactment or amendment of legislation, should be put in place so as to ensure conformity of the institution's mandate with the principles and provisions of the Convention.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- States parties should take measures, including legislative measures, to clarify that their nationals, as well as enterprises domiciled in their territory and/or jurisdiction, are required to respect the right to just and favourable conditions of work throughout their operations extraterritorially. This responsibility is particularly important in States with advanced labour law systems, as home-country enterprises can help to improve standards for working conditions in host countries. Similarly, in conflict and post-conflict situations, States parties can have an important regulatory and enforcement role and support individuals and enterprises in identifying, preventing and mitigating risks to just and favourable conditions of work through their operations. States parties should introduce appropriate measures to ensure that non-State actors domiciled in the State party are accountable for violations of the right to just and favourable conditions of work extraterritorially and that victims have access to remedy. States parties should also provide guidance to employers and enterprises on how to respect the right extraterritorially.
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph