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Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Digital education, in all its forms, relies on teaching materials, textbooks and other forms of transmitting information that are subject to copyright law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In digital classrooms, the teacher remains responsible for selecting and developing the curriculum. Guidance, attention and commitment are necessary for student-centred learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The State is responsible for providing the right to education as the apex of its public service functions; it also remains responsible when it provides such services in partnership with other education providers and non-State actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Governments cannot divest themselves of their core public service functions. The State has the principal responsibility for "the direct provision of education in most circumstances", on account of its international legal obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Some Governments provide subsidies and financial support to private providers instead of investing in expanding educational opportunities in public education, thus neglecting or abandoning their core responsibility.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Cross-border higher education, which involves international branch campuses and direct foreign ownership or investment in national educational institutions, is being promoted under the guise of public-private partnerships.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The commercialization of education and its uncontrolled liberalization, open to all operators for lucrative purposes or objectives, are contrary to international commitments by States and national values and must be stopped and sanctioned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- A large number of private providers operate in various technical areas, such as management, marketing, accountancy and communication, and award diplomas and degrees that are devoid of recognition in terms of equivalence or validity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Privatization in education cripples the universality of the right to education as well as the fundamental principles of human rights law by aggravating marginalization and exclusion in education and creating inequities in society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The role of courts and adjudicatory mechanisms in further defining and adjudicating the right to education is clear. However, significant challenges remain, particularly for disadvantaged groups, to bring allegations of violations to court.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Jurisprudence has shown that courts can order governments to conduct cost studies on resources needed to be invested in educational institutes and review government proposals in light of the constitutional requirements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Project evaluation shows a need for further focus on planning, as well as measurable objectives and outcomes for the training. Resource allocation is also an issue. Currently, the teacher training has been institutionalized only as a one-hour module, despite calls for more comprehensive training. A greater investment of time is warranted to support attitudinal and behavioural changes.
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons includes several provisions suggesting that action be taken to discourage demand, including one referring to the need for "specific measures at national level to combat trafficking for labour exploitation and strive to educate consumers on those measures" (art. 22).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Finally, in the Mekong region, COMMIT conducts training needs assessments, in order to monitor training needs and assess the impact of training. It also looks into developing distance learning tools. Meanwhile, UNIAP, at the request of Governments, has translated training manuals into local languages and adapted them to the national contexts, and organized training of trainers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Marginality of economic and social rights 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Fourth, although some of the databases of economic and social rights case law around the world are impressive, the total number of cases is still rather limited. While individual cases have arisen in many jurisdictions, the reality is that in only a handful of jurisdictions have the courts generated a body of significant case law. Among the most notable of these are Colombia, India, Kenya, South Africa and state-level courts in the United States of America (in relation to the right to education).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Marginality of economic and social rights 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In considering which institutions are most likely to be best placed to promote knowledge and understanding of economic and social rights at the domestic level, two types of actors seem most relevant. The first being the government agencies that are responsible for making and implementing policy in the relevant sectors. Thus, government ministries dealing with education, social protection, health, nutrition and so on might be expected to take the lead in promoting a rights-based understanding. This is not to argue, as is sometimes suggested in the literature on rights-based approaches to development, that everything these ministries do should be guided by and seen through the lens of human rights. Nonetheless, one might expect the ministry of education, for example, to acknowledge that there is a right to education and to spell out what that means in specific policy terms. While it is well beyond the scope of this report to explore how common such an approach is among sectoral ministries in most countries, it can be said by way of generalization that the phenomenon is not common. There are some indications that the health sector might be moving more in that direction under the impetus of the movement for universal health coverage. Similarly, social security is increasingly seen in terms of the right to social security as a result of the Social Protection Floor Initiative.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The World Bank and human rights 2015, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Next is the definition of development. In contrast to the notion current over 70 years ago when the Articles of Agreement were adopted, development today is said to encompass "broad areas of human development, social development, education, protection of global public goods, governance and institutions, as well as issues such as inclusion and cohesion, participation, accountability and equity." But not, apparently, human rights, which are somehow different.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In some cases, investment in infrastructure through public-works projects increases access to and the quality of educational facilities. Such projects can take the form of the building of schools or of roads or bridges improving access to them. Several studies demonstrate the contributions of such investments to higher school enrolment rates and to the total number of years of accumulated education in the communities concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- In the United Nations Millennium Declaration, Governments pledged to strive for the protection and promotion of all human rights, but the Goal framework failed to live up to that pledge. This state of affairs has demonstrated that issues left out of a universally agreed agenda are not effectively monitored and reported on and are easily overlooked when priorities are set, policies defined or budgets allocated. The Goals have been viewed by some as an economic growth agenda, not explicitly aligned with human rights. Yet, human rights are essential for sustainable development: Governments' legal obligations regarding international human rights standards must be reflected in current development policy in order to enhance effectiveness and accountability. By delinking the Goals from human rights, State obligations were reduced to mere policy options, for example on the issue of free primary education. In addition, given that international human rights standards did not form the basis on which the Goals were developed, the targets created were sometimes unambitious or inadequate. Research shows that the Goals were also often seen as donor driven because organizations based in the North focused more on the goals than on human rights, whereas those based in the South engaged more on human rights and hardly on the Goals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 117
- Paragraph text
- The Edinburgh Declaration on medical education should be recalled and education and research reoriented to the basics of social medicine through training in community settings and fostering social sciences and qualitative methods, which are as relevant as biomedical sciences and quantitative research. That would help in restoring the balance with a holistic approach to promoting the health and well-being of individuals and societies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- Punitive regulations are required to address fraudulent practices, including the awarding of fake degrees and diplomas. It is important that corrupt and fraudulent practices be investigated and that operators who act illegally be prosecuted.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- Prescriptive regulations are necessary to ensure that digital technologies supplement rather than supplant campus-based face-to-face teaching and learning. The use of information and communications technologies should not be detrimental to the social function of universities or undermine their core mission as the moral seat of learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Digital technologies necessarily involve private partners and agencies that collaborate with universities, both public and private, on the procurement and operationalization of not only hardware but also software. The use of digital technologies in education has led to more consumer-oriented attitudes in universities and is resulting in the commodification of knowledge and the valuing of information in economic terms rather than for its social and cultural significance. Sponsored by a range of entities, including individual proprietors and profit-seeking businesses, private institutions of higher education now constitute the fastest-growing segment of higher education. Corporate funding of higher education raises questions of academic independence, as well as ethical questions. Universities are moving away from their social function. The commercialization of education could divert attention away from the classical type of higher education by accumulating advantages in the most advanced countries and institutions, by discriminating against the most deprived and by contributing to brain drain in many poor countries. There is evidence of an emerging global marketplace and a growing spirit of competition in higher education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Open educational resources are teaching, learning and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property licence that permits others to use them freely and for different purposes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Copyright law reserves all rights to the author or owner and requires either legislative or licensed exceptions to be set out in an agreement. On the other hand, open licensing allows authors to publish their work for anyone to share and use, while still allowing them to reserve more rights if they choose.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In the digital marketplace, publication becomes an ongoing process rather than a discrete event, and revision can go on indefinitely. Higher education teaching personnel should retain intellectual property rights over course material, no matter the mode of delivery.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Currently, most massive open online course providers establish a proprietary claim on material included in their courses, license the access and use of that material to the user and exercise ownership over user-generated content. To fully exercise academic freedom, however, higher education teaching personnel should retain ownership of their course material, including material used in distance and online courses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is concerned, however, that exceptions to copyright law exist that allow for the free use of materials in education. Digitizing content does not change the intellectual property rights of the owners of the original materials, which must be respected and maintained.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Universities, as the moral seat of learning, must foster the common human values so much in need today, in the face of the challenges of globalization. Fostering the humanistic mission of education is of paramount importance to counter the trend towards the pursuit of material values and a merely instrumental role for education. This is critically important, as the humanistic mission of education is being vitiated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Concern has been expressed regarding the negative impact of digitization, for example regarding the "reordering of education institutions in line with the logical network" and with respect to network time as a "chronic distraction".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph