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Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Fulfilment of State obligations for the right to education is dependent upon how the education provided meets the essential objectives of the right to education, as shown by the educational attainments of students. This calls for national assessments of education to be driven by a human rights-based approach, where the full range of obligations arising from the right to education remains centre stage. The Special Rapporteur would like to emphasize the need and importance of a holistic approach which is broader than the narrow approach of performance evaluation only of mathematical literacy and language skills, and which broadens the assessment of the educational attainments of students to include all obligations relating to the right to education under international human rights law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The primary objective of national assessment systems is to appraise the educational attainments of students through the entire national education system. This should be driven by a human rights-based approach and the humanistic mission of education, rather than by its mere instrumental role, and by preserving and fostering the noble cause of education. The values and principles propounded by the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training "as a means to give full effect to the right to education worldwide" must be publicized in order to make them an integral part of the educational attainments of students. "Universally recognized human rights values and democratic principles should be embedded in any education system."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- A ground-breaking report presented to UNESCO in 1996, known as the Delors Report, outlined four pillars of education: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be. Those objectives provide a useful framework for the purpose of modernizing national curricula and the corresponding mechanisms for assessing the educational attainments of students.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- However, development programmes for technical and vocational education and training and skills have not been adequately addressed in the most common international or regional assessments. National assessment mechanisms for those programmes must better evaluate how well they empower students to acquire the necessary competencies for the development requirements of their country, while still meeting the broader human rights-based objectives. Existing normative frameworks for TVET provide the basis for developing national assessments to appraise the acquisition of those competencies and skills by students. The UNESCO Revised Recommendation concerning Technical and Vocational Education (2001) stipulates that member States should aim to apply relevant and appropriate internationally recommended standards and norms relating to systems of assessment or evaluation; occupational qualifications and certification; and equipment and technical standards. The Recommendation also underlines the importance of the exchange of good practices and methods. Similarly, International Labour Organization (ILO) Recommendation No. 195 (2004) concerning Human Resources Development: Education, Training and Lifelong Learning stipulates that measures should be adopted, in consultation with social partners and using a national qualifications framework, to promote the development, implementation and financing of a transparent mechanism for the assessment, certification and recognition of skills, including prior learning and previous experience, irrespective of the countries where they were acquired and whether acquired formally or informally. Moreover, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights requires States in their reporting to indicate the measures taken to increase the availability of TVET programmes and whether they enable students to acquire knowledge and skills which contribute to their personal development, self-reliance and employability (HRI/GEN/2/Rev.6, section II, para. 60).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- National assessment mechanisms for TVET programmes require a new and unique assessment mechanism to reflect how they differ from traditional academic programmes. TVET programmes involve private-public partnerships under the overall responsibility of Governments and institutionalized collaboration between TVET institutions and enterprises. A dual system of vocational training where students in vocational streams also undergo practical learning and training in enterprises is well organized in some developed countries and is a useful example for the developing world to draw upon for devising innovative policies and approaches.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Governments, enterprises and TVET institutions must thus be collectively involved in defining the vocational trades and in developing assessment mechanisms of the attainments of students as part of a tripartite system. This is indispensable for ensuring that TVET graduates are responsive to ever-changing national and private sector employment requirements, with the State also ensuring that TVET programmes and the assessments of them are supplemented by a broader human rights-based education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The emerging concept of technical and vocational skills development in Africa calls for novel mechanisms in the form of national qualification frameworks. In South Africa, the national qualifications framework provides a mechanism for awarding qualifications based on the attainment of specified learning skills prescribed by industry. It allows for the accumulation of credits and for the recognition of prior learning. Similarly, the Mauritius Education and Human Resource Strategy Plan 2008-2020 recognizes the need for creative learning - the acquisition of skills and competencies that unlock the human potential - as a paramount necessity since education is one of the cardinal drivers of economic growth, including a quality assurance system. Accordingly, a qualifications authority in the TVET sector has been established.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that it is important for each country to develop a national framework of certification, recognizing and validating various modes of the acquisition of skills in a coherent and unified system. The recognition of prior learning, as expressed in ILO Recommendation No. 195, can help to bridge the divide between formal and informal technical and vocational skills development systems by providing mechanisms and opportunities for the recognition and validation of experiential learning. It is also necessary to ensure that the assessment mechanisms for TVET are founded on competence-based training, not only on theory-based certification.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Quality standards can set minimum skill requirements for graduate apprentices, with monitoring mechanisms to ensure they meet those standards. It is also necessary to improve the linkages between informal apprenticeships and formal education and training, in particular regarding the role of skills development in national policies and laws.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In developing national qualification frameworks and assessing competencies, it is crucial to ensure that they are not limited to technical competencies in TVET, but also include critical thinking and are not devoid of a human rights perspective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- National assessment systems should evaluate how human rights values and knowledge have been acquired by students. Performance tests should be devised to assess the extent to which students have incorporated those values into their understanding, commitment and day-to-day behaviour patterns. This constitutes a response to rising levels of violence in many schools, a phenomenon which deserves consideration in assessing school-based evaluations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The quality of teaching and learning at the basic education level is an important factor in national assessment. Teachers are also key to linking assessments to improved learning. Moreover, they play a valuable role in accomplishing the humanistic mission of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The UNESCO Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers, adopted by the Special Intergovernmental Conference on the Status of Teachers in 1966, lays down a comprehensive normative framework on the teaching profession. It also recognizes the essential role of teachers in educational advancement. It applies to all teachers in both private and public schools and provides guidance on a diverse range of matters, including the roles and responsibilities of teachers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Teacher training programmes must emphasize not just pedagogical skills, but also the assessments of students. Innovative programmes for revamping teacher education and development are necessary to devise novel modalities of teacher training in tandem with reforms in education. In France, for example, teacher evaluation, including a questionnaire, is also part of the student learning process. In-service training for teachers is a permanent requirement, not only to improve their qualifications or to keep them up to date with the latest teaching practices, but also to ensure their assessment skills are kept up to date. The need for "standard[s] frameworks, which could be applied nationally and regionally" has been underlined.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Universally recognized human rights values and democratic principles should be embedded in any education system, and incorporated into national curricula for basic education. It is important for public authorities to review their national curriculum periodically in order to respond to emerging requirements. It is also necessary to ensure that textbooks in all schools - private or public - and the contents of the curricula are in conformity with the values and objectives of education laid down in international human rights conventions and expounded by the work of the human rights treaty bodies. Moreover, curricula and the contents of education must keep pace with global concerns with new ethics for our common humanity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Aptitude tests and counselling are even more important for skills development. National assessment mechanisms should be coupled with "career guidance systems to assist learners in choosing appropriate pathways, including by the provision of up?to?date labour market information and self-assessment tools to identify aptitudes and interests and promote the acquisition of career management skills."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Exploding demand for education has led to an exponential growth in the number of education providers. A comprehensive and sound regulatory framework for controlling private schools and ensuring their conformity with norms and standards is required. To preserve the public interest in education, effective sanctions in cases of abusive practices by private providers are necessary. Each State must organize a system of prior authorization, successive monitoring and verification, in order to ensure that private schools respect the content and objectives of education, thus enabling the State, in turn, to respect its international commitments in that regard. In those States where basic education is also provided by private schools, the State should ensure that such schools fully respect the objectives and content of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Prevalent international assessments of the performance of students reflect an instrumental role for education, driven by the concept of educational development in mere economic terms, with excessive emphasis placed on learning outcomes in mathematical literacy and language skills. The Special Rapporteur considers that such a narrow approach is detrimental to the humanistic mission of education and undermines the essential objectives assigned to education in international human rights conventions. International assessments also affect national assessment systems, thus perpetuating such a narrow approach. A paradigm shift is necessary to make assessment systems more broadly based so that they embody in full measure the essential objectives of the right to education, in accordance with human rights law, and are premised upon a human rights-based holistic approach.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- The work of the human rights treaty bodies and the United Nations agencies can be valuable in raising the importance of national assessments of the educational attainments of students that encompass a human rights-based approach to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the adoption of a human rights-based framework, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: States move towards a more holistic approach in assessing student attainments which goes beyond reading, writing and arithmetic and which incorporates essential human rights objectives. The four pillars of the Delors Report - learning to know, learning to do, learning to be and learning to live together - should become an integral part of any assessment of the educational attainments of students. Moreover, national assessment mechanisms must be in compliance with a country's international human rights obligations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the adoption of a human rights-based framework, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: States ensure that national assessments of the educational attainments of students are founded on a human-rights based approach, where the right to education remains at centre stage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of a holistic approach to the assessment of the educational attainments of students, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Public authorities and school administrators ensure that the assessment of the educational attainments of students includes their understanding of universal human rights values and respect for people from different civilizations, cultures and religions. Student performance tests should demonstrate the extent to which students have incorporated human rights values in their understanding, commitments and day-to-day behaviour patterns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of a holistic approach to the assessment of the educational attainments of students, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: States recognize the need and the importance of a holistic approach, with the full range of obligations arising from the right to education, in assessing the educational attainments of students. Such assessments should centre around the core objectives of education, as established by international human rights conventions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Regarding periodic reviews of national curricula, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Governments periodically review their national curriculum to ensure that its contents are updated and in conformity with the values and objectives of education laid down in international human rights conventions and as expounded by the United Nations treaty bodies and relevant agencies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Regarding equity-based approaches to assessments of the entire student population, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: National assessments appraise the educational attainments of the entire student population in a country, assessing all students uniformly. An equity-based approach should be an essential prerequisite, so that all those students who are found to be underperforming are given the necessary support needed for them to meet the educational requirements. Student assessments must address with great concern the situation of underperforming students, particularly those who are disadvantaged on account of marginalization. Early targeted teaching support to them is most effective and should be prioritized over later interventions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of novel assessment mechanisms for skills development, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: While recognizing the importance of national assessment mechanisms for TVET programmes, Governments should develop new and unique assessment mechanisms within a framework of institutionalized collaboration with industry for assessing competencies and skills in terms of technical qualifications that are relevant to a country's development priorities. TVET programmes, particularly in early secondary levels, must be made complementary to the standard education curriculum and not as a separate stream. The aptitude of students should be central to those new assessment systems, offering them the possibility of pathways to higher education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- In relation to refining assessment mechanisms, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Public authorities ensure that the basic education which is provided is of good quality, as proven by an appropriate national assessment mechanism, conducted annually or on a semester system. While school examination and tests constitute necessary mechanisms for assessing the educational attainments of students, Governments should devise innovative modalities, appropriate to the capacities of the State, to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of students of all the subjects taught, including human rights values.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of the capacity of the teaching profession for the holistic assessment of basic education, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Recognizing that teachers play a key role in the implementation of the national curricula and in conducting assessments of the educational attainments of students, Governments should ensure that teachers are provided with the additional training and support to better understand and implement a human rights-based curriculum in an accessible fashion for their students. Novel modalities of teacher training in tandem with reforms in education should be devised to foster quality education and learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- In relation to strengthening national assessment mechanisms with parliamentarians, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Given their leadership role, parliamentarians should take up the cause of education, leading the processes aimed at giving effect to the right to education and strengthening national assessment mechanisms to that effect. They can thus contribute to promoting the educational attainments of students.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- In relation to encouraging and supporting civil society organizations and NGOs, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Governments encourage NGOs and civil society organizations in their valuable role in raising the level of the public debate on key issues and in defending a holistic approach to student assessments. As such, the public authorities should maintain a constructive dialogue with NGOs and civil society organizations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph