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Role and rights of teachers
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2023
- Document code
- A/78/364
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Securing the Right to education: advances and critical challenges
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2023
- Document code
- A/HRC/53/27
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Early childhood care and education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- A/77/324
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Impact of the digitalization of education on the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- A/HRC/50/32
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
The right to education of migrants
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2021
- Document code
- A/76/158
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
The cultural dimensions of the right to education, or the right to education as a cultural right
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2021
- Document code
- A/HRC/47/32
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Interrelations between the right to education and the rights to water and sanitation
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2020
- Document code
- A/75/178
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the right to education; concerns, challenges and opportunities
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2020
- Document code
- A/HRC/44/39
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Contributions of the right to education to the prevention of atrocity crimes and mass or grave violations of human rights
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2019
- Document code
- A/74/243
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
The implementation of the right to education and Sustainable Development Goal 4 in the context of the growth of private actors in education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2019
- Document code
- A/HRC/41/37
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
The right to education for refugees
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- A/73/262
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Governance and the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- A/HRC/38/32
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Inclusion, equity and the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- A/72/496
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Realizing the right to education through non-formal education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2017
- Document code
- A/HRC/35/24
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Lifelong learning and the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- A/71/358
- Date added
- Dec 18, 2023
Document
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- A/HRC/32/37
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Assessment of the educational attainment of students
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- A/HRC/26/27
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Privatization and the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- A/69/402
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Justiciability of the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- A/HRC/23/35
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Normative action for quality education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2012
- Document code
- A/HRC/20/21
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Equality of opportunity in education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- A/HRC/17/29
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Lifelong learning and the right to education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2016
- Document code
- A/71/358
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Protecting education against commercialization
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2015
- Document code
- A/HRC/29/30
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Public-private partnerships in education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2015
- Document code
- A/70/342
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2013
- Document code
- A/68/294
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2012
- Document code
- A/67/310
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Financing education and update on education in emergencies
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- A/66/269
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2010
- Document code
- A/HRC/14/25
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Sexual education
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2010
- Document code
- A/65/162
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Document
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- General comment No. 13 dedicates one section to the obligations related to the principles of non-discrimination and equality. The prohibition against discrimination “applies fully and immediately to all aspects of education and encompasses all internationally prohibited grounds of discrimination”. It further stipulates that “the adoption of temporary special measures intended to bring about de facto equality for men and women and for disadvantaged groups is not a violation of the right to non-discrimination with regard to education, so long as such measures do not lead to the maintenance of unequal or separate standards for different groups, and provided they are not continued after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved”. It also indicates that “sharp disparities in spending policies that result in differing qualities of education for persons residing in different geographic locations may constitute discrimination under the Covenant.” Further, “States parties must closely monitor education –including all relevant policies, institutions, programmes, spending patterns and other practices – so as to identify and take measures to redress any de facto discrimination.”
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The right to comprehensive sexual education is also confirmed by recommendations and declarations of international bodies, as well as by documents reflecting the global consensus among States. For example, the Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development recognizes that sexual and reproductive health education must begin in primary school and continue through all levels of formal and non-formal education.3 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has found that sexual education is more effective if given prior to first intercourse. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that it is crucial for sexual education to start early, especially in developing countries. The Organization has also provided specific guidance on how to incorporate sexual education into school curricula and recommends that sexual education should constitute a separate subject, rather than being incorporated into other subjects. In addition, comprehensive sexual education is a basic tool for achieving many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), such as promoting gender equality and empowering women (Goal 3), reducing child mortality (Goal 4), improving maternal health (Goal 5) and combating HIV/AIDS (Goal 6).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Digital education, in all its forms, relies on teaching materials, textbooks and other forms of transmitting information that are subject to copyright law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In digital classrooms, the teacher remains responsible for selecting and developing the curriculum. Guidance, attention and commitment are necessary for student-centred learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Technical and vocational education and training cuts across formal or school- based, non-formal or enterprise-based, and informal or traditional apprenticeship. It has a nexus with the right to education and the right to work and is valuable in providing "retraining for adults whose current knowledge and skills have become obsolete owing to technological, economic, employment, social or other changes ". Such education and training can enable vocational trainees to acquire further professional competence and improve their skills and competencies. Numerous initiatives taken in all regions of the world to introduce reforms in technical and vocational education and training systems are propelled by a variety of skill requirements in the rapidly changing economies of the twenty-first century and involve lifelong learning. In India, inspired by the vision of the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, of a "skilled India", efforts are being made to align the "demands of the employers for a well-trained skilled workforce with aspirations of Indian citizens for sustainable livelihoods". With the launch of the national skill development mission (kaushal vikas yogna), a national skill development and entrepreneurship policy was adopted in 2015 for that purpose.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 116
- Paragraph text
- States should put in place an elaborate framework of regulations that are prescriptive, prohibitory and punitive, in order to control private providers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the issues highlighted in the present report, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the recommendations below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers it essential, when looking at privatization in education, to bear in mind State obligations in respect of the right to education: States must ensure promote, respect and fulfil the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Courts in the United States have also ruled that using public money to fund private school tuition vouchers is unconstitutional, and that public money being so used should instead go to public schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The State is responsible for providing the right to education as the apex of its public service functions; it also remains responsible when it provides such services in partnership with other education providers and non-State actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Governments cannot divest themselves of their core public service functions. The State has the principal responsibility for "the direct provision of education in most circumstances", on account of its international legal obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- A number of studies show that the quality of education provided in private schools is no better than those in public schools. In most countries in Europe, the quality of education provided in public schools is much better than in private schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Some Governments provide subsidies and financial support to private providers instead of investing in expanding educational opportunities in public education, thus neglecting or abandoning their core responsibility.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Cross-border higher education, which involves international branch campuses and direct foreign ownership or investment in national educational institutions, is being promoted under the guise of public-private partnerships.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Education is invaluable for the preservation of the cultural heritage of humankind. Inculcating in students a commitment to preserving and enriching multicultural and multilingual diversity and promoting a better understanding and appreciation of the richness of cultural diversity deserves an important place in any education system. National curricula should aim to prepare students for the defence of cultural diversity as an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for human dignity, as expressed in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of 2001. The main lines of the action plan for the implementation of the Declaration clearly provide for promoting through education an awareness of the positive value of cultural diversity and improving to this end both curriculum design and teacher education. The education provided, as well as the assessments of students, should show the importance attached to the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity and pluralism as an essential part of human-centred development. The assessment of students should demonstrate their understanding of common values shared by all humankind, with respect for people from different civilizations, cultures and religions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 121
- Paragraph text
- No private school or educational establishment should be allowed to operate unless its credentials and standards are verified by designated public authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 111
- Paragraph text
- Governments should foster the possibility for any entity or individual to initiate legal action in the case of abusive practices by private providers as public-interest litigation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The commercialization of education and its uncontrolled liberalization, open to all operators for lucrative purposes or objectives, are contrary to international commitments by States and national values and must be stopped and sanctioned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- States have the obligation, under human rights law, to establish conditions and standards for private education providers and to maintain a transparent and effective system to monitor those standards, with sanctions in case of abusive practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- A large number of private providers operate in various technical areas, such as management, marketing, accountancy and communication, and award diplomas and degrees that are devoid of recognition in terms of equivalence or validity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Privatization in education cripples the universality of the right to education as well as the fundamental principles of human rights law by aggravating marginalization and exclusion in education and creating inequities in society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Where States have failed to include the right to education in their national legislation, even those who can afford legal advice may not be able to find a lawyer conversant in regional and international legal options and State obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The role of courts and adjudicatory mechanisms in further defining and adjudicating the right to education is clear. However, significant challenges remain, particularly for disadvantaged groups, to bring allegations of violations to court.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Jurisprudence has shown that courts can order governments to conduct cost studies on resources needed to be invested in educational institutes and review government proposals in light of the constitutional requirements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child establish that education should be aimed at the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity. Article 26 of the Declaration clearly states that education must be “directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.” Article 13 of the Covenant specifies that education “shall enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.” Article 29 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child goes further in stipulating that education must develop respect for human rights, the child's parents, his or her own cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of the country in which the child is living, the country from which he or she may originate, and for civilizations different from his or her own. Education must prepare the child for responsible life in a free society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Owing to stagnating and even diminishing education budgets, it is necessary to look for alternative financing strategies and adopt innovative approaches for securing enhanced budgetary provisions for technical and vocational education and training. While recognizing that States bear the primary obligation to provide such education and training, it is also important to boost the increasing use of a diverse range of funding mechanisms and diversify financing sources for technical and vocational education and training. For example, a system of resource contribution by industry and private sector (e.g., a 2 or 3 per cent levy) for a technical and vocational education and training fund could be envisaged in order to leverage existing resources for national technical and vocational education and training programmes, in particular for technical equipment and facilities. States may wish to consider sharing, to the maximum extent possible, funding for technical and vocational education and training with industry and the private sector, with Government providing appropriate incentives to this end. "Government and the private sector should recognize that technical and vocational education is an investment, not a cost, with significant returns."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The importance of technical and vocational education and training for lifelong learning is also well recognized. According to paragraph 2 (c) of the UNESCO Revised Recommendation concerning Technical and Vocational Education, technical education should be understood as "an aspect of lifelong learning and a preparation for responsible citizenship". The Recommendation further stipulates, in paragraph 6, that "technical and vocational education should exist as part of a system of lifelong learning adapted to the needs of each particular country and to worldwide technological development". Likewise, ILO Recommendation No. 195 stipulates, in article 3 (a), that States should "facilitate lifelong learning and employability as part of a range of policy measures designed to create decent jobs, as well as to achieve sustainable economic and social development". According to article 4 (b) of the Recommendation, "the realization of lifelong learning should be based on the explicit commitment: by governments by investing and creating the conditions to enhance education and training at all levels; by enterprises in training their employees; and by individuals in developing their competencies and careers".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The need to ensure equality of opportunity and to pay particular attention to marginalized groups is emphasized by article 2 of the UNESCO Convention on Technical and Vocational Education. Article 2, paragraphs (3) and (4), establishes that "States shall work towards the right to equal access to technical and vocational education and towards equality of opportunity to study throughout the educational process"; and that "States shall pay attention to the special needs of the handicapped and other disadvantaged groups and take appropriate measures to enable these groups to benefit from technical and vocational education". Similarly, article 5 (h) of ILO Recommendation No. 195 concerning Human Resources Development: Education, Training and Lifelong Learning (2004) establishes the responsibility of States to "promote access to education, training and lifelong learning for people with nationally identified special needs, such as youth, low-skilled people, people with disabilities, migrants, older workers, indigenous people, ethnic minority groups and the socially excluded; and for workers in small and medium-sized enterprises, in the informal economy, in the rural sector and in self-employment".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Other international human rights treaties further emphasize the obligation to promote technical and vocational education and training. States have obligations to promote equal opportunities for women and men in education, training and lifelong learning under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. As outlined by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, human rights-based technical and vocational education and training also implies that in tackling tacit discrimination owing to obsolete traditional gender roles, women and girls should be encouraged to choose non-traditional fields of education and careers, such as intensive technical and vocational education and training in traditionally male-dominated areas. That could contribute to eliminating barriers and facilitating professional reinsertion of girls who dropped out of school. States have the obligation to elaborate policies aimed at promoting the access of girls and women to technical and vocational education and training, with proactive measures, including temporary special measures, to encourage and facilitate their participation and to contribute to the elimination of discrimination.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 130
- Paragraph text
- Governments should encourage civil society and non-governmental organizations to play a valuable role in engaging the public in debates on the impact of digital technology on the right to education, giving full consideration to the importance of access, quality and equity in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 129
- Paragraph text
- Parliamentarians play a vital role in developing laws and policies that promote the use of technology in the education sector. Legislation should explicitly protect the right to education, including in procurement legislation and commercial laws.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- The obligation of States to provide inclusive, equitable, non-discriminatory education of a high quality for all must be carefully preserved in any implementation of digital technologies in education. The predominance of English in online education negatively affects the provision of education in other languages.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 121
- Paragraph text
- The forces of privatization behind the spread of digital learning and education creating a marketplace in education must be exposed through public debate so as to prevent the commoditization of education. The corporate sector should not impinge upon the function and autonomy of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- While recognizing the importance of opportunities arising from the use of information and communications technologies, States should not forget to look into the downside of such use and the impact of the digital divide on the education system and, in particular, on those who remain marginalized, on the future generation and on society at large.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 117
- Paragraph text
- In the light of the above, and taking into consideration the challenges that digital technologies pose to the right to education, the Special Rapporteur offers the recommendations set out below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recalls that the Education 2030 framework for action specifically calls upon Governments to harness information and communications technologies to promote quality and effective learning. It also recognizes the importance of education as a public good.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- In the light of their obligations under the norms and principles of the right to education, States must ensure that digital technologies do not impair universal access to education or equality of opportunity in education. Nor should they be allowed to erode the concept of education as a public good.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- Digital technologies are negatively affecting the cause of education by impairing the ability of students to contemplate and think critically, by scuttling human values in education and by paving the way for the commodification of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 111
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, the implications of digital technologies and copyright must be examined critically in order to better understand the rights to access to knowledge and information.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- The use of digital technologies carries the risk of undermining human values in education and the quality of education, especially as regards degrees and diplomas that are fraudulently delivered.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- Punitive regulations are required to address fraudulent practices, including the awarding of fake degrees and diplomas. It is important that corrupt and fraudulent practices be investigated and that operators who act illegally be prosecuted.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- Prescriptive regulations are necessary to ensure that digital technologies supplement rather than supplant campus-based face-to-face teaching and learning. The use of information and communications technologies should not be detrimental to the social function of universities or undermine their core mission as the moral seat of learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur makes recommendations regarding prescriptive, prohibitive and punitive regulations on the use of digital technology in education with a view to ensuring that the right to education is adequately protected.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- The use of digital technologies in education must be in full accordance with the right to education. Such use must increase access, not limit it. It must promote equity, not exacerbate existing disparities in society. It must eliminate discrimination, not create new barriers. It must improve the quality of education, not undermine it.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Enabling policies and a sound regulatory environment are necessary to promote the development of local and relevant content and services and to increase understanding of the impact of Internet access in terms of sociocultural developments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Public policies should give consideration to the creation of an enabling policy environment for drawing upon digital technologies that can serve as valuable tool in the delivery of education. For instance, in order for open educational resources to be available and effective, laws and policies that facilitate and encourage their use are necessary.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Digital technologies necessarily involve private partners and agencies that collaborate with universities, both public and private, on the procurement and operationalization of not only hardware but also software. The use of digital technologies in education has led to more consumer-oriented attitudes in universities and is resulting in the commodification of knowledge and the valuing of information in economic terms rather than for its social and cultural significance. Sponsored by a range of entities, including individual proprietors and profit-seeking businesses, private institutions of higher education now constitute the fastest-growing segment of higher education. Corporate funding of higher education raises questions of academic independence, as well as ethical questions. Universities are moving away from their social function. The commercialization of education could divert attention away from the classical type of higher education by accumulating advantages in the most advanced countries and institutions, by discriminating against the most deprived and by contributing to brain drain in many poor countries. There is evidence of an emerging global marketplace and a growing spirit of competition in higher education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Open educational resources are teaching, learning and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property licence that permits others to use them freely and for different purposes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Copyright law reserves all rights to the author or owner and requires either legislative or licensed exceptions to be set out in an agreement. On the other hand, open licensing allows authors to publish their work for anyone to share and use, while still allowing them to reserve more rights if they choose.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur urges States to ratify and implement the 2013 Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled, which calls for the creation of copyright exceptions in national legislation to ensure the accessibility of published works, in any media, for blind, visually impaired or otherwise print-disabled persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- There is no human right to seek a profit, and the public interest in respecting the right to education must take priority in public policies, nationally and internationally. States should update their copyright treaties and legislation to allow all public educational institutions to have free access to all information used for educational purposes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In the digital marketplace, publication becomes an ongoing process rather than a discrete event, and revision can go on indefinitely. Higher education teaching personnel should retain intellectual property rights over course material, no matter the mode of delivery.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Currently, most massive open online course providers establish a proprietary claim on material included in their courses, license the access and use of that material to the user and exercise ownership over user-generated content. To fully exercise academic freedom, however, higher education teaching personnel should retain ownership of their course material, including material used in distance and online courses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is concerned, however, that exceptions to copyright law exist that allow for the free use of materials in education. Digitizing content does not change the intellectual property rights of the owners of the original materials, which must be respected and maintained.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- It is important to look into intellectual property rights and the use of digital technology in education and learning, bearing in mind the 1971 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the 1994 World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the 1951 UNESCO Universal Copyright Convention, among other international treaties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- In its resolution 55/63, the General Assembly expressed concern that technological advancements have created new possibilities for criminal activity, in particular the criminal misuse of information technologies, and noted the value of making the general public aware of the need to prevent and combat the criminal misuse of information technologies. Education plays an important role in raising awareness on the issue.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Universities, as the moral seat of learning, must foster the common human values so much in need today, in the face of the challenges of globalization. Fostering the humanistic mission of education is of paramount importance to counter the trend towards the pursuit of material values and a merely instrumental role for education. This is critically important, as the humanistic mission of education is being vitiated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Concern has been expressed regarding the negative impact of digitization, for example regarding the "reordering of education institutions in line with the logical network" and with respect to network time as a "chronic distraction".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- There are critical questions relating to human values and the education system. For example, the Committee on the Rights of the Child has expressed concern about the risks that access to the Internet, whether at school or at home, pose for children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The current implementation of massive open online courses seems to focus more on content dissemination and rather less on learner engagement and interaction. This concern is consistent with the recent discussion within the research community regarding the approaches needed to make massive open online courses more interactive, social and personalized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The introduction of technology in the classroom does, however, have an important impact on the role of the teacher. Electronic materials should complement the existing classroom practices, as videos or online exercises supplement traditional learning. Through face-to-face interactions the teacher can more easily gauge the level of understanding and participation of learners and implement interventions to address issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Academic freedom includes the right to teach without any interference, including the right to choose the content and methods of teaching and the freedom to use or not to use any specific technique or technology.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Education should be tailored to the needs of students and the local context. It has been noted that massive open online courses reflect an overwhelmingly Western, Anglo-American method based on a particular academic experience, knowledge base and pedagogical approach. The vast majority of courses are offered in English, which by definition cannot be sensitive to the local values and cultures of all countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The autonomy of teachers to teach as they deem best can be hampered by technology-based education models. From scripted tablet-based learning to massive open online courses with prescribed teaching modules, the ability of teachers to select content that they feel is relevant for their local conditions and classes is being impaired.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- One of the main challenges for higher education today is how it can respond to the massive global demand for professional qualifications while maintaining its key role in research. This must be seen in the context of the online provision of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- States parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities further committed to taking appropriate measures to promote access for persons with disabilities to new information and communications technologies and systems, including the Internet, and to promoting the design, development, production and distribution of information and communications technologies accessible to persons with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recalls that, as equality of opportunity in education is a principle underlying all human rights conventions, it must be respected. The framework for action for the implementation of the Incheon Declaration contains a commitment by Governments to make tertiary education progressively free, in line with existing international agreements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Children with disabilities face several barriers in accessing information and communications technologies, as they may need adaptive technologies to use computers, tablets and mobile telephones. Moreover, online digital content may need to be converted into another format. Children in developing countries who do not attend schools rarely have access to computers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Provision of education through digital technology may also contribute to gender disparities. Currently, in developing countries, males are far more likely than females to own and use information and communications technologies. In low-to-middle-income countries, 25 per cent fewer women than men have Internet connectivity, and this gap rises to nearly 50 per cent in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Information and communications technologies can result in educational deprivation, particularly for the poor. Special attention must be paid to questions related to access and skills for the most marginalized groups, including girls and women and persons with disabilities. The guiding principle must be to adopt an all-inclusive approach.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The use of digital technology risks creating divisions within society. Devices such as computers, tablets and smartphones, and broadband services, are required to access the Internet. People in urban areas receive access of better quality first, leaving those in remote areas disadvantaged or cut off. Reliable access to electricity to charge devices is often a problem in the developing world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, States recognized the importance of the spread of information and communications technologies and global interconnectedness, and stressed the need to bridge the digital divide and to develop knowledge societies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- The intellectual community and civil society organizations should foster public debate on issues of key importance in lifelong learning. Research, events and expert consultations and advocacy on lifelong learning should be encouraged and supported for a greater understanding of lifelong learning and greater awareness of its importance in societies in the twenty-first century.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- UNESCO and ILO should reinforce their activities for operationalizing the normative framework for lifelong learning and provide technical assistance to States. They should also step up their advisory services for transforming education systems in a spirit of lifelong learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, Governments should take special care that such policies and strategies are effectively implemented. The corporate sector, employers and social partners, including civil society and local communities, should be involved and encouraged to work with public authorities in designing programmes for lifelong learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- In line with a normative framework, Governments should adopt the necessary policies and strategies for lifelong learning. A number of frameworks from countries mentioned in the present report may serve as inspiration but should be implemented in consultation with interested stakeholders to address each State's circumstances.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- However, many countries still lag behind that evolution in embracing the concept of lifelong learning. They are not adequately equipped with a national legal framework or the policies and strategies necessary to direct their education systems towards lifelong learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Financing of lifelong learning programmes is the responsibility of those who should provide learning opportunities: public authorities, the community or the private sector. It is also a responsibility to be assumed by individuals in situations when they seek to enhance their competencies and skills.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- In France, a law adopted in March 2014 on vocational training, employment and social democracy created a "compte personnel de formation", replacing the previous "droit individuel à la formation". Such an account as a work contract, attached to the person, is meant to follow every person throughout his or her career. The account is funded through a shared investment between the State, regions and social partners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur deems social responsibility in education a guiding factor as regards resources to be devoted to lifelong learning. Although States have primary responsibility under human rights law for financing education, financing lifelong learning is a co-responsibility of public authorities, enterprises and social partners under the overall promotional and coordinating role of Governments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- States must take measures to ensure that the social elements of education are not lost in the transition to online education provision. Care must be taken to ensure that the negative effects of digital technology in education are addressed or mitigated. In his 2015 report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/32/37), the Special Rapporteur outlined a number of risks that emerge from online learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- In addition, providers of dubious quality are using Internet-based education and training simply to cut costs by undermining teachers' working conditions, particularly in offshore provision. Governments must take measures to regulate online educators and develop national qualifications frameworks and standards to allow learners to receive a quality education and to allow employers to value the credentials of their applicants and employees.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- However, the costs of obtaining access to the Internet, as well as Internet- connected electronic devices and services, can be prohibitive for much of the world's population. As such, the State's obligation to provide learners with access to online learning with subsidized devices is an important consideration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Technical and vocational education and training is instrumental in work-based learning and continuing professional development, which are necessary in confronting the challenges of unemployment and underemployment, both in developed and developing countries. Ensuring such education and training that is adequate and relevant is central to responding to the diverse aspirations and needs of individuals and societies in a rapidly globalizing world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The Moscow Declaration adopted at the meeting of the Ministers of Education of Brazil, China, India, the Russian Federation and South Africa on 18 November 2015 expresses the commitment of those countries in the field of technical and vocational education and training to "promote lifelong learning and encourage self- education through both formal and informal modes, and strive towards a state of excellence".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers it important for developing countries to take steps with a view to developing laws and education policies that embody the concept of lifelong learning. Public authorities must also "take the lead in developing and implementing lifelong learning strategies" grounded in such a legal and policy framework.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The National Agreement for Skills and Workforce Development of Australia introduced a national training entitlement for government-subsidized training to at least the Certificate III qualification, with a view to ensuring that working -age Australians without qualifications can obtain the skills that they need to work in higher-skilled jobs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In this respect, the Special Rapporteur commends the position taken by ILO with regard to corporate social responsibility and the call upon multinational enterprises "to provide training for all levels of their employees in home and host countries, to meet the needs of the enterprises and contribute to the development of the country".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In this evolution, the Special Rapporteur emphasizes the importance of giving consideration to the State obligations laid down in international normative instruments. States have the obligation to "develop comprehensive, inclusive and integrated policies for adult learning and education in its various forms" according to their specific conditions, governing structures and constitutional provisions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 127
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to urge the United Nations human rights treaty bodies to give special consideration during their dialogues with States to the negative impacts of private providers and whether their operations are regulated and controlled in accordance with human rights law and internationally established frameworks of the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 121
- Paragraph text
- As noted in a recent study, the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning should undertake a full-scale investigation of corruption in privatized education and of the fraudulent and corrupt practices of private providers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 120
- Paragraph text
- Nationally designated authorities should undertake full-scale investigations of fraudulent practices, including tax evasion by private providers who reap profits in the name of education. States should ensure that the financial operations of all private providers are regularly scrutinized and that this information is publicly shared.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 119
- Paragraph text
- Punitive measures are necessary to ensure compliance with standards and the law. Sanctions must be applied when private providers perpetuate social injustices, while criminal proceedings are necessary for fraudulent and corruption practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- Prohibitory regulations are necessary to outlaw and stop discriminatory practices, for-profit education and false commercial propaganda. Education is a public function and a social responsibility. No private provider should be allowed to establish for-profit education and aggrandize private interests to the detriment of public interest.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- Guided by principles of social justice and equity, as well as human rights law, regulating private providers is essential to mitigate the potentially deleterious and negative effects on students, education systems and societies. In this, Governments can be inspired by numerous decisions by courts and emerging jurisprudence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- Parliamentarians have a crucial role to play in safeguarding the right to education by passing necessary legislation and, especially, by ensuring that for-profit education is outlawed, taking up questions related to enforcing laws, rules and regulations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- It is important that States carefully enforce laws, rules and regulations through monitoring and enforcement. Governments should strengthen national human rights mechanisms or ombudspersons to provide parents with a place to report suspected violations, and empower such bodies to investigate allegations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur urges public authorities, parent-teacher associations, civil society groups and teachers' unions to closely monitor publicity and false claims that promote private providers in education. Public authorities should look into all cases of commercial advertising in education and take action in all cases of misleading claims as to quality education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- The lack of effective oversight and regulating mechanisms is one of the most significant failures of States. In spite of regulations for registration and recognition, the rapid growth of unregistered low-fee private schools in the developing world shows that implementation gaps remain. The State has the responsibility to establish an oversight mechanism for private schools and must ensure its laws are being complied with.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to emphasize the need for States to create a comprehensive regulatory framework to control private providers in education and uproot commercialization in education. He considers that such a framework can be developed by developing regulations that prescriptive, prohibitory and punitive.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- The humanistic mission of education can be strengthened and supported through laws and policies. State policy in the sphere of education should be based on the humanistic nature of education, giving primacy to common human values and the public character of education, as is done in France and Greece, among other countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- As has been done in law in some countries, conditions under which private schools can operate must be fixed by the State. In the Netherlands, for-profit, privately funded schools, rather than private schools established for a specific religion, philosophy or educational ethos, must meet the conditions laid down and obtain approval from the education inspectorate if they wish to provide education to students of compulsory school age.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Alternative schools for linguistic, cultural or religious reasons in line with article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have a recognized place in education systems and are important in maintaining diversity and protecting minorities within countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Safeguarding education as a public good should be an overriding concern in considering recommendations and analyses presented in the report of the Intergovernmental Committee of Experts on Sustainable Development Financing submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session (A/69/315).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has consistently underlined the importance of preserving education as a public good, while promoting the view that the State is the custodian of quality education as a public good. Understanding the multifaceted role of the State in education is a precondition for critically analysing educational institutions and their responsibility for preserving and strengthening education as a public good.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Privatization adversely affects education as it "recast[s] education not as a public or societal good grounded in democratic principles of justice and equal opportunity but as an individual, atomized and personalized private good". Private, for-profit schools disregard basic norms and standards and undermine education as a societal good.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Yet, instead of controlling the growth of privatized, for-profit education, Governments often support private providers through subsidies and tax incentives, thus divesting themselves of their primary public function. As a result, rather than supplementing government efforts, private providers are supplanting public education and commercializing education in the process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Education is not a privilege of the rich and well-to-do, it is an inalienable right of every person. The State is both guarantor and regulator of education. The provision of basic education, free of cost, is not only a core obligation of States, it is also a moral imperative.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), "public schools with comparable student populations offer the same advantages" as private schools. These schools take credit for academic success, yet having educated wealthy parents is the most determining factor in such success. Generally, private schools are chosen owing to the lack or poor quality of public schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Often, the criterion for admission to private institutions is not merit or capacity, but rather the ability to pay. This is in contravention of the basic norms set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international human rights conventions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- A number of scholars have critically examined the neoliberal model of schooling, which is characterized by "State withdrawal in favour of privatization" and "market-anchored conceptions of schooling" - a departure from decades of the welfare state. The work of numerous civil society organizations expressing concern about the negative effects of privatization in education must be commended.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- It should be mandatory for private providers to be transparent and to share with parents, teachers and community associations information regarding school functioning, performance and management. A regulatory framework should clearly spell out the duties and responsibilities of private providers vis-à-vis the community, students, teachers and society at large.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled in 1997 that excluding pupils from schools on an economic basis only violates their enjoyment of the right to education. The Court also ruled that because of the fundamental character of the right to education, private schools are bound by specific constitutional obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court of India ruled that when the Government grants recognition to private educational institutions, it creates an agency to fulfil its obligation to enable the citizens to enjoy the right to education: "Charging a capitation fee in consideration of admission to educational institutions is a patent denial of a citizen's right to education under the Constitution".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- In another case, the South African Constitutional Court found that the primary positive obligation with respect to the right to education rests on the State and that private actors providing basic education have an obligation not to infringe on the students' right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- In Japan, the School Education Act fixes minimum standards in education with curriculum guidelines, and the ordinance for the enforcement of the Act provides a basis for application of the guidelines. The country's Private Schools Act lays down requirements for the establishment and management of private schools. Failure to follow specific regulations is punishable by sanctions of a civil nature.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 139
- Paragraph text
- The State remains primarily responsible for fulfilling the right to education on account of its international legal obligations. It must discharge its responsibility as the guarantor and regulator of education as a fundamental human right of every child.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 138
- Paragraph text
- Public sector borrowing is normally the lowest-cost way to raise money and improving tax collection and reducing national and international tax avoidance can do more to increase education spending than any amount of private investment. Financial support for education can also be mobilized through corporate social responsibility.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 137
- Paragraph text
- Public-private partnerships in education should not lead to reduced government investment in education, but should be complementary to the maximum resources that Governments can provide for the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 136
- Paragraph text
- Parliamentarians, in particular members of education commissions or committees, play a key role in laying down regulatory frameworks for public-private partnerships in education. They should ensure that the right to education is fully respected, protected and fulfilled in their country.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 135
- Paragraph text
- The human rights treaty bodies should give special consideration in their dialogues with States to examining their reports for linkages between public-private partnerships and increased privatization, with a view to identifying any repercussions for the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 134
- Paragraph text
- Governments should strengthen existing human rights mechanisms, such as national human rights institutions and ombudspersons, or create special mechanisms to regularly oversee the operations of public-private partnerships in education, with suo motu investigatory powers to look into alleged violations by private partners and any abusive practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 133
- Paragraph text
- In continuity with the report on global corruption in education by Transparency International, UNESCO should undertake a full-scale investigation of corruption in public-private partnerships in education and expose any fraudulent and corrupt practices by private providers through its Education for All Global Monitoring Report.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 132
- Paragraph text
- Public authorities, parent-teacher associations, civil society groups and teachers' unions must closely monitor public-private partnerships in education. Public authorities should carefully review any commercial marketing and advertisement of education and take action in all cases of misleading claims as to quality, or any other fraudulent practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 128
- Paragraph text
- States must create a comprehensive regulatory framework to control public-private partnerships in education that is prescriptive, prohibitive and punitive. Laws and policies in many countries should be modernized to respond adequately to the challenges of public-private partnerships.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- In all situations, public-private partnerships must be underpinned by State responsibility and social interest in education. States should also recognize that, in the case of technical and vocational education and training, public-private partnerships have characteristics that are very distinct from those in basic or higher-level education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 117
- Paragraph text
- Such cases create an important precedent that should be observed by all States. While the State retains primary responsibility for meeting its human rights obligations, whenever it enters into agreements with private providers, those agreements should stipulate that the private partner or company acknowledges the public responsibilities that they are taking on to respect the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur welcomes such developments and considers it important to take this further and look into public-private partnerships in education, in view of their linkage with privatization and its repercussions for the right to education and for State obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- The repercussions of privatization in education and the need for regulation is increasingly being recognized by the human rights treaty bodies, notably the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 111
- Paragraph text
- States have the obligation under human rights law to establish conditions and standards for private education providers and maintain a transparent and effective system to monitor those standards with sanctions in case of abusive practices. That responsibility cannot be fulfilled through voluntary compliance systems or inadequate State monitoring and oversight.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes the need for adequate reporting requirements and accountability mechanisms for public-private partnerships in education, so as to ensure the full compliance of private partners with the normative framework of the right to education, both as regards the global dynamics of public-private partnerships and public-private partnership arrangements at the national level.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- Regulations on accountability should prescribe disaggregated reporting on obligations, including financial reporting and performance measures. Those requirements should include human rights-based indicators and be sufficiently detailed to ensure that the right to education is being met.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, regulations should be prohibitive as regards, for example, ill founded propaganda and commercial advertising in education, misleading claims as to quality education by private partners and the repatriation of surpluses by foreign-owned private institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- In its resolution 68/234, the General Assembly also recognized the vital role played by Governments in promoting responsible business practices, including providing and ensuring enforcement of the necessary legal and regulatory frameworks in accordance with national legislation and development priorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The corporate sector has a long track record of seeking to avoid being regulated and numerous corporations have sued Governments for attempting to implement regulations that could harm their profits. "More accountability of UN partnerships with the private sector requires governments to build the intergovernmental structures required for monitoring and oversight."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recalls the Incheon Declaration, in which "the fundamental responsibility" of Governments in implementing the future development agenda is reaffirmed, and the determination expressed "to establish legal and policy frameworks that promote accountability and transparency as well as participatory governance and coordinated partnerships at all levels and across sectors, and to uphold the right to participation of all stakeholders".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that accountability in education is part of the obligations of the State, so that Governments must be monitored and held responsible for their shortcomings in failing to fulfil their obligations for the realization of the right to free education and in failing to adhere to minimum educational standards of quality learning, even when outsourcing education to private actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- The accountability of Governments, linked to good governance and public-private partnerships, has been elucidated by the Prime Minister of India. In an address in 2013 he underlined the need to move forward from the "3 Ps: public-private partnerships" to the "4 Ps: people-public-private partnerships" necessary to bring about good governance, in which people remain at centre stage with a sense of ownership and Governments become accountable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- If a State enters into partnership with private providers, it must progressively assume full responsibility for the provision of education, as in the case of community schools built or run in collaboration with local authorities, which the Government takes over at a later date. Collaboration based on social interest in education can lead to public education systems being reinforced through public-private partnerships.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Public-private partnerships in education also present a number of concerns relating to social justice and human rights. States must ensure that education is valued and safeguarded as a public good. The principle of social justice, which is at the core of the global mission of the United Nations to promote development and human dignity, also underpins human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The norms and principles underlying the right to education should be fully respected in any arrangements of public-private partnerships in education. That should be the overriding concern in considering any proposal for such partnerships, in giving shape to them and throughout their operation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Governments should ensure that public-private partnerships in education do not lead to the private sector building a stronghold in the education system through a process that is in fact geared to the advantage of private partners to the detriment of public education institutions and the public interest in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- When a private entity operates in education in collaboration with a public entity, the larger cause of education as a social good should not be compromised. The provision of education cannot be made subservient to private interests. Education is a public good and a social cause and public-private partnerships must be protected from the growing influence of a market-based model of private education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The principle of participation means exercising democratic citizenship, actively participating in the development of a country through a human rights-based approach. It does not mean profit-making while participating in education. No for profit educational establishments should be allowed to operate in the name of participation in the education system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- The State should preserve the fundamental nature of the right to education as a societal or public good, rather than a private good. It is therefore important to develop a human rights-based understanding in relation to several crucial issues raised by public-private partnerships in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- In Viet Nam, for example, multinational manufacturing companies have partnered with universities to provide specialized courses in the workplace to train workers in work-specific skills. Scaling up such partnerships more broadly, through cost-sharing models, provides an example of where the interests of the public and private sectors most closely align and should be emulated more widely.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers it important to recognize that quality in education is not improved by resorting to public-private partnerships, but by employing qualified teachers, providing quality teaching material and allocating sufficient budgetary support to improve quality. Investments to improve quality are rarely made because most education budgets are consumed by recurring expenses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Without taking preventive measures against the deteriorating quality of education in public schools and lured by propaganda and false claims of better quality by private providers, Governments turn to the private sector in search of better management of education and even for running the education system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- It is important to note that, in its general comment No. 13, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights stated that it would considered "the effects of the assistance provided by all actors other than States parties on the ability of States to meet their obligations under article 13".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Besides, corporate social responsibility can support the development of education and must be fully harnessed. All those valuing education as a public good and as a social cause, as against for-profit education, can be encouraged by an enabling environment and good governance to contribute to the development of education in innovative ways, such as creating a special trust fund for the purpose of maximizing national investment in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- It has been found in a recent report on the nature and impact of public-private partnerships that they are, in most cases, the most expensive method of financing, significantly increasing the cost to the public purse, typically very complex to negotiate and implement, and all too often entailing higher construction and transaction costs than public work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Public-private partnerships are increasingly promoted as a way to finance development projects. Donor Governments and international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, have set up multiple donor initiatives to promote changes in national regulatory frameworks to allow for public-private partnerships, as well as providing advice and finance to public-private partnership projects.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that a critical appraisal of public-private partnerships in education is important for public policy responses. He outlines herein some areas which he considers to be of key importance in meeting the challenges of public-private partnerships in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In contrast, one important form of public-private partnership is private sector philanthropy: assistance provided by a private organization or individual ranging from scholarships and sponsorships to supplies, uniforms, teachers' fees, school facilities, furniture and equipment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Public-private partnerships in education 2015, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives are being propounded as innovative models to bring together corporations, Governments and civil society organizations under the guise of public-private partnerships to tackle global issues. That often negates reality by refusing to examine the power structures and vested interests that motivate players and must be critically looked into.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations to United Nations and intergovernmental bodies: The United Nations agencies should take a coordinated interest in assisting in the development of educational assessment systems that meet international human rights standards and which are also conducive to skills development as part of quality imperatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Regarding periodic reviews of national curricula, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Governments periodically review their national curriculum to ensure that its contents are updated and in conformity with the values and objectives of education laid down in international human rights conventions and as expounded by the United Nations treaty bodies and relevant agencies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the adoption of a human rights-based framework, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: States ensure that national assessments of the educational attainments of students are founded on a human-rights based approach, where the right to education remains at centre stage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- The work of the human rights treaty bodies and the United Nations agencies can be valuable in raising the importance of national assessments of the educational attainments of students that encompass a human rights-based approach to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Teachers are vital to the implementation of the national curricula and in conducting assessments of the educational attainments of students. Teacher training programmes need to be reinforced to enhance not just the pedagogical capacities of teachers, but also their ability to assess the educational attainments of students.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Aptitude tests and counselling are even more important for skills development. National assessment mechanisms should be coupled with "career guidance systems to assist learners in choosing appropriate pathways, including by the provision of up?to?date labour market information and self-assessment tools to identify aptitudes and interests and promote the acquisition of career management skills."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The quality of teaching and learning at the basic education level is an important factor in national assessment. Teachers are also key to linking assessments to improved learning. Moreover, they play a valuable role in accomplishing the humanistic mission of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Finally, national assessment systems for TVET can be used as leverage in valorizing social perceptions of TVET and their status, since they do not enjoy the esteem that would be commensurate with their importance for development. Instituting national awards in conjunction with an assessment of performance in TVET is an important step in that direction. The practice of rewarding TVET students in China is a good example.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In developing national qualification frameworks and assessing competencies, it is crucial to ensure that they are not limited to technical competencies in TVET, but also include critical thinking and are not devoid of a human rights perspective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Quality standards can set minimum skill requirements for graduate apprentices, with monitoring mechanisms to ensure they meet those standards. It is also necessary to improve the linkages between informal apprenticeships and formal education and training, in particular regarding the role of skills development in national policies and laws.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- States have the primary responsibility for ensuring that their national education systems meet the objectives assigned to education in international human rights treaties. Beginning with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, schools must provide education which is respectful of human rights values, democratic citizenship and cultural diversity. According to the principles contained in article 29 (1) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the education of the child shall be directed to "the development of respect for the child's parents, his or her own cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of the country in which the child is living, the country from which he or she may originate, and for civilizations different from his or her own." The education to which every child has a right is one which is "designed to provide the child with life skills, to strengthen the child's capacity to enjoy the full range of human rights and to promote a culture which is infused by appropriate human rights values." Yet, as the Committee on the Rights of the Child has stated, national and international programmes and policies on education that really count the elements embodied in article 29 (1) seem all too often to be either largely missing or present only as a cosmetic afterthought.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- Parliamentarians, in particular members of education commissions or committees, should attach greater importance to the right to education, bearing in mind the concepts and principles outlined in the present report. Their advocacy for a regulatory framework for private providers of education through laws and policies would be very valuable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 124
- Paragraph text
- The operations of private providers are justiciable. There are numerous court decisions to that effect. Public-interest litigation centred around breaches of the right to education and abusive practices by private providers must be promoted and supported in an endeavour to reinforce the justiciability of operations of private providers of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- Governments should also establish a mechanism to register and process any complaints received with respect to abusive practices by private providers of education and investigate all violations of the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 122
- Paragraph text
- In an endeavour to regulate private providers of education, Governments should strengthen existing human rights mechanisms or create special mechanisms, with a mandate to regularly oversee operations of private providers. Such mechanisms should have suo moto investigatory power. Governments should implement recommendations made by such mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- At the 2015 Global Education for All Meeting, it would be propitious to build upon the final statement of the 2014 Meeting, which recognized that "the State is the custodian of quality education as a public good" and to develop that concept in its various dimensions, including the social responsibility of private providers of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 117
- Paragraph text
- Education benefits both the individual and society and must be preserved as public good so that the social interest is protected against the commercial interests in privatized education. Public authorities should not allow private providers to vitiate the humanistic objectives of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 116
- Paragraph text
- A daunting challenge for public policymakers is to transform education systems into a force for equality. This should be of particular concern to education policy planners, who must address the tendency of privatized education to aggravate inequalities and marginalization in societies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- The monitoring function of the State should be aimed at upholding the fundamental principles of non-discrimination and equality of opportunity in education in order to ensure that the liberty set out in international instruments to establish educational institutions does not lead to extreme disparities in educational opportunity for some groups in society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- Following the study "Corrupt schools, corrupt universities: what can be done?", the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning should undertake a full-scale investigation of corruption in private education institutions and fraudulent practices of private providers of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- To that end, States should strengthen human rights control mechanisms to allow them to look into the negative impact of privatization and, especially, to ensure that private providers remain respectful of minimum standards in education and quality norms and that they are not allowed to charge exorbitant fees.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- States should put an end to market-driven education reforms that provide subsidies to private education. They should not allow or promote low-cost private schools and the provision of school vouchers, nor should they allow for-profit institutions in education, considering the propositions in the OXFAM briefing paper mentioned in paragraph 66 of the present report.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- The regulatory framework should expound the grounds on which discrimination in education is prohibited in international human rights conventions, as highlighted in the present report. It should also specify the duties and responsibilities of private providers vis-à-vis parents, the community and society at large.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to emphasize that the delegation by States of their obligation to provide education to for-profit providers may be contrary to their international obligations. The effects of privatization in education must receive foremost consideration in public policies, bearing in mind the principles and norms underpinning the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- There is growing recognition that market-centred approaches to development have exacerbated various forms of inequality and that the question of equality has not featured as prominently as it should on the international development agenda. Equality matters both for its intrinsic value as a human right and for instrumental reasons linked, for example, to economic growth and social cohesion.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Existing jurisprudence enables us to better understand obligations that the right to education imposes upon private providers. For example, the Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled in 1997 that excluding pupils from schools on an economic basis only violates their enjoyment of the right to education. The Court also ruled that because of the fundamental character of the right to education, private schools are bound by specific obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- By definition, business is profit-oriented. Education is all the more attractive since it denotes a certain respectability, which can be projected to disguise business interests, fraudulent practices and corruption. The practice of private providers in India demanding huge donations as a contribution to, for example, school development, requires strict regulation and sanctions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Online or correspondence providers often operate from locations with no controls at all and offer their own award, free from regulation. Public authorities must find ways of preventing underqualified or fraudulent providers from trading as universities and from issuing worthless qualifications when the providers are based overseas and operating via the Internet.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The recognition of studies and qualifications in cross-border higher education is a critical area for regulation. This phenomenon refers to the movement of people, projects, programmes and providers across political boundaries, including exchange and study programmes, international branch campuses, forms of distance education, joint degree programmes and direct or indirect foreign ownership or investment in domestic educational institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- States have a responsibility under international human rights law to provide resources for the right to education. Governments must devote maximum public funds to education as a high development priority, as a matter of norm (see A/66/269). They must also mobilize maximum domestic resources for education on an enduring basis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Privatization is correlated with shrinking public investment. It induces declining spending on public services, entailing a decrease in the education budget. The trend of decreasing budgetary allocations for education in different regions was highlighted by UNESCO at the Global Education for All Meeting held in Oman from 12 to 14 May 2014; the Special Rapporteur would like to urge Governments to reverse that trend.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Regulating private providers is a State responsibility. As the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century stated, policymakers must "face up squarely to their responsibilities. They cannot leave it to market forces or some kind of self-regulation to put things right when they go wrong".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Quality in private schools is also compromised by lack of respect for the status of teachers. Many underqualified and underpaid teachers are employed by low-fee private schools, which are run by small and large enterprises. In addition, in some cases, teachers are employed on a temporary basis, with no career perspective; nor are they provided in-service training for professional development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The State must control the fee demanded by private providers. For instance, the Guidelines for private schools in Bhutan provide for a memorandum of understanding between the Department of School Education and the proprietor of the school pursuant to the Royal Government's policy on the establishment of private schools, requiring the private schools to fix and declare the yearly lump-sum school fees for a student for one academic year.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The practice of private tutoring in private and public schools has far-reaching implications for school education services and social inequalities. Yet, few Governments have satisfactory regulations in that regard. Private, for-profit tutorial companies should be treated as businesses rather than as educational institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Legal framework or policy responses are inadequate or non-existent in private higher education, where demand-absorbing institutions representing mostly lower-level and lower-quality institutions cater to the surging demands for education, many of them acting much like for-profit organizations with "loosened government regulations" or "in a regulatory vacuum".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Privatization has a profound adverse impact on education since it purports to "recast education not as a public or societal good grounded in democratic principles of justice and equal opportunity but as an individual, atomized and personalized private good …".14
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- This is crucial, since the low-fee private schools "not only constrain social justice in education, favouring access for some over others, but also social justice through education", since their raison d'être is "monetizing access" to education.14 This aggravates inequality through the structural exclusion of certain groups, entrenching a neoliberal vision of society at the cost of a humanitarian view of society where human capital is prioritized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Privatization in education also exacerbates discrimination against girls in gaining access to education. It is well known that families prioritize the education of boys over girls and that girls are less likely to be enrolled in private education owing to parents' perceived return on the costs of educating girls compared to that of boys.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Thus, access to private schools, based upon the capacity to pay fees, which in many cases can be exorbitant, flies into the face of prohibited grounds of discrimination based, notably, on "social origin", "economic condition", "birth" or "property" in international human rights conventions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that public policies should critically examine the repercussions of privatization in education, bearing in mind the principles and norms underpinning the right to education and the responsibility of States under human rights law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- One can observe the growth of private providers in the field of basic education, although such education is a core responsibility of Governments. Private education is being promoted owing to the lack of sufficient public provision of education or underperforming public schools. The emergence of low-fee private schools further undermines public schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Private providers find it lucrative to provide early childhood care and education, which has remained scantly covered by the public education system. In most developing countries, the public education system is rudimentary in this respect and private providers have an open market for catering to working families and the middle class.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- One can observe the explosive growth of privatized education, in particular for-profit education, taking advantage of the limitations of Government capacities to cope with rising demands on public education. Privatization is making its intrusion at all levels of education, and the phenomenon of education as an attractive business is assuming alarming proportions, with scant control by public authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- In the 1980s and 1990s, developing countries were compelled by the international financial institutions to initiate significant cuts under structural adjustments to their public services, including education. International universal education targets in conjunction with economic liberalization policies have led to the push for an increase in private provision as a way to introduce market competition into the education space.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 82l
- Paragraph text
- [Bearing in mind the key importance of the justiciability of the right to education and its enforcement, and with a view to fostering protective as well as promotional role of adjudication mechanisms, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the following recommendations:] Parliamentarians have an important role to play in fostering democratic perception of the justiciability of the right to education. Their primary role is to promote legislation which implements the right to education into the domestic legal framework. However, they may also encourage governments to refer alleged legislative deficiencies to courts for advice, they can support and promote national human rights institutions and civil society actors, and they can promote public legal aid for rights-based claims. Perhaps most importantly, they can lend their democratic legitimacy to legal and quasi-legal decisions on the right by promoting government action on recommendations and legal findings. In many cases, a legal decision places a requirement on governments to enact policy and legal changes to protect the rights of citizens. Support of the legislative branch provides democratic strength for these decisions, and publicizes the importance of the right to education among the population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The complexity of legal procedures in any court requires legal advice. States seeking to ensure citizens are able to defend their right to education should provide competent legal aid in civil courts, on a needs-tested basis, to ensure this basic human right is defended.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Fees to file complaints, however minor, have the effect of deterring claimants. This effect is more pronounced on the poor, who in turn are often those most affected by violations. Quasi-judicial mechanisms should never require payment to bring a claim, and subsidies for court proceedings should be available on a needs-based assessment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- People from disadvantaged groups in particular may be reluctant to take violations of their rights to quasi-judicial or judicial mechanisms, due to poor language skills, fear of reprisals from offenders or State authorities, or due to cultural constraints restricting the right of women to represent themselves in such proceedings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Promotional measures have special importance for ensuring the right to education of those who remain deprived of it on account of poverty, in particular extreme poverty. The adoption of the Declaration on the Rule of Law by the United Nations General Assembly, already mentioned, is a landmark in upholding the rights – including the right to education – of the poor to seek justice and get their right to education enforced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Emerging case law is significant in upholding social interest in education. For instance, a ruling given by the Supreme Court of India in April 2012 upheld the constitutional validity of the provisions in the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, which mandates that 25 per cent of seats in private schools in the country should be reserved for the socially and economically weaker sections of the society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Excluding pupils from schools on only an economic basis violates their enjoyment of the right to education, as the Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled in 1997. The Court also ruled that, because of the fundamental character of the right to education, private schools are bound by specific obligations. These concern their disciplinary powers and their capacity to terminate contractual relations with students or their parents.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- As a result of a series of decisions by the Supreme Court of Indonesia, the Government had to progressively increase the national budget for education in line with the constitutional provisions and the Law on National Education System (2003), which stipulates that the State shall provide 20 per cent of national and regional budgets for education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- For instance, providing equal funding to all schools was litigated in the Supreme Court of Kentucky. Addressing a constitutional challenge to the school finance system, the State financing of education was held to be unconstitutional because it did not provide substantially equal funding among all schools in the State.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Human rights in general oblige States to provide resources to give effect to them. In his report to the General Assembly, the Special Rapporteur has examined State obligations regarding public financing of basic education and the importance of legal frameworks ensuring domestic financing of such education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- This as well as available case law is helpful in safeguarding girls’ right to education. For instance, the Supreme Court of Colombia has upheld the pregnant girl’s right to education, nullifying any contrary regulation by school, as has the Botswana Court of Appeals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) has called on the States parties “to denounce and punish such acts of violence and to continue to take all necessary action, including the dismantling of patriarchal barriers and entrenched gender stereotypes, to guarantee and to ensure that girls are able to enjoy their basic human right to education in every region of the world.”
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Women have historically been victims of social injustice and educational deprivation. The majority of those who are deprived of education today are girls and women, whereas they are entitled to education as much as boys. In some cases, they are prevented from attending schools by parents who see no value in educating daughters, or by religious extremists threatening them. Violence against women and girls impairs their right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that minority language educational rights under section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which provides guarantees for French-speaking communities, were considered justiciable. Other rulings by courts in South Africa protect the right to education and language rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In a “collective complaint” by Autism-Europe to defend the rights of people with disabilities in Europe, the European Committee on Social Rights ruled that the French Government's overall lack of progress in this area constituted a violation of the European Social Charter. The French National Consultative Commission for Human Rights has also defended the right to education for children with disabilities by a number of its advisory opinions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- As the decisions of quasi-judicial bodies are not directly enforceable, their findings may be used as the basis for initiating procedures in national courts. The findings of national human rights institutions and regional human rights quasi-judicial mechanisms have been referred to the corresponding judicial instances for enforcement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Quasi-judicial mechanisms, such as ombudspersons, and national human rights institutions play an important role in protecting the right to education by monitoring its implementation at the national level. Such mechanisms exist in many countries. Even though their findings are not legally binding, decisions and recommendations by such quasi-judicial bodies at national level are important as they wield political and legal pressure upon the authorities and institutions. Such mechanisms can also approach judiciary for providing relief in cases where the right to education is not respected. For example, Defensoria Pública in São Paulo (Brazil) provides legal support to poor citizens whose right to education has been violated, even as the Public Prosecutors in São Paulo (Brazil) take up such violations with public authorities, as well as in courts for the enforcement. The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights in India has the mandate to protect the enjoyment of the right to education, and has moved away from a welfare-based approach to a rights-based perspective. After examining a large number of complaints regarding imposition of fee for primary education when the education should be free of cost, the findings of the Commission led to parents having fee payments reimbursed through subsequent court actions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Alleged violations of the enjoyment of the right to education are normally litigated in national courts. Once all levels of appeal have been exhausted, or at times when it can be shown that no action is possible in national courts, recourse can be made to regional or international courts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- As a precondition, it must be noted that an independent judicial system is an “essential prerequisite” for justiciability. It is of paramount importance that the judiciary upholds “the rule of law” and ensuring that there is no discrimination in the administration of justice.”
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- “For rights to have meaning, effective remedies must be available to redress violations.” These should include “access to independent complaints procedures and to the courts with necessary legal and other assistance.” Where rights are found to have been breached, there should be appropriate reparation, including compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The right to education as provided for in article 13(2)(a), 13(3) and 13(4) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, along with a number of other provisions, would seem to be capable of immediate application by judicial and other organs in many national legal systems. Any suggestion that the provisions indicated are inherently non-self-executing would seem to be difficult to sustain.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Domestic law should set out “entitlements” in sufficient detail to enable remedies for non-compliance to be effective. National laws on the right to education should create a “right of action” for individuals or groups who consider that their right to education is not being fully realized, and provide for “judicial remedies”.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Ensuring enjoyment of the right to education without discrimination or exclusion is of paramount importance. States have immediate obligations in relation to the right to education, such as the “guarantee” that the right “will be exercised without discrimination of any kind”.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The State obligations for the right to education must be understood in terms of the right to quality education, as the Special Rapporteur emphasized in his thematic report (2012) to the Human Rights Council. These obligations also make State responsibility to provide necessary resources for its realization, including financing of education, as the Special Rapporteur has underlined in his report to the General Assembly.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 128
- Paragraph text
- A defining feature of a human rights-based approach to development is characterized by accountability. A rights-based approach presupposes that the rights are legally defined and are enforceable. It is therefore important that post-2015 education goals and targets be made enforceable in a national context.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- Accountability should be a cornerstone of the post-2015 development agenda, with emphasis on mechanisms to hold Governments accountable to their commitments. Existing legal obligations must be operationalized in goals and targets along with the development of national action plans and programmes with benchmarks for the progressive realization of the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 124
- Paragraph text
- Existing legal obligations must be operationalized in goals and targets to assess progress in achieving the right to a quality education. Goals and targets for progressive implementation should require Governments to annually report on progress through indicators. Where possible, indicators should include benchmarks that must be reached within an agreed time frame.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- Primary education as a core obligation of States must be available to all children, regardless of their circumstances; other levels of education where access is subject to availability must also be offered to all children, regardless of their circumstances.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- Aligning development planning with human rights norms and principles is essential to avoid economic progress that continues to leave untouched those who remain marginalized and therefore are deprived of educational opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 111
- Paragraph text
- The promotion of equality of opportunity in education requires an emphasis on inclusive approaches and the adoption of positive measures, including affirmative action and social schemes, targeting disadvantaged and vulnerable groups to ensure that they have equitable access to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- Post-2015 agendas for education must address marginalization and exclusion in education with equitable approaches in favour of the marginalized and the vulnerable. States have the responsibility to provide an education without discrimination or exclusion.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the importance of operationalizing such a conceptual approach, and the perspectives on education goals presented in the present report, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the following recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- The human rights-based approach being embraced in the ongoing discussions on the post-2015 development agenda is a decisive advance over the way the Millennium Development Goals were formulated. Such an approach has special importance in terms of human rights law and State obligations, and the consequent accountability of Governments to live up to their commitments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- The principle of social justice is at the core of the global mission of the United Nations to promote development and human dignity, and the principles of social justice and equity are reflected in the United Nations Millennium Declaration. They are of abiding importance in guiding State actions and should receive renewed emphasis in the post-2015 development agenda.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- The system of education should be inspired by a humanistic rather than by a mere utilitarian vision of education. That is of utmost importance, as the humanistic mission of education is being vitiated. It is therefore important to pay critical attention to that phenomenon, so that education is inspired by a great humanistic vision rather than a merely utilitarian one that only considers education in terms of its material value.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- Building on the experience of mechanisms such as the Network of Parliamentarians for Education and a Culture of Peace, established by UNESCO, importance should be given to the role that parliamentarians have in the implementation of the education agenda, including advocacy for developing and implementing laws and the fulfilment of commitments of government to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Access to justice is of foremost importance for getting the rights enforced. This is acknowledged in the Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels. The right to education is a justiciable right, and that should be recognized in the future agenda.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Aligning development strategies with human rights norms and principles would enhance the chances of achieving sustainable development goals, as such an alignment implies, among other things, paying serious attention to the core principles of non-discrimination and equality in the formulation and implementation of policy decisions. That is essential in order to avoid economic progress that continues to leave untouched those who remain marginalized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Action at the national level should be supportive of legislative developments and specific laws for women's empowerment through education within the framework of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, as a follow up to the ministerial declaration of the high-level segment of the substantive session of 2010 of the Economic and Social Council.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In the post-2015 development agenda, the key importance of the right to education as a powerful lever for eliminating the intergenerational transmission of poverty must figure prominently. The achievement of internationally agreed targets for poverty eradication will be missed and inequalities between countries and within societies will widen if education is not intertwined with the future goal on poverty eradication.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- In that respect, the Special Rapporteur would like to emphasize that education is a powerful tool in poverty eradication. A shortcoming of the report of the High- level Panel, however, is that such an approach is not reflected in the first illustrative goal on poverty eradication.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- That quality has been neglected in the pursuit of Education for All and education-related Millennium Development Goals is well known. There is widespread concern over poor learning achievements. Regrettably, the right to quality basic education for all remains unfulfilled. The post-2015 development agenda should seek to ensure that quality is not sacrificed while expanding access to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- In a globalized economy, employment opportunities are shifting quickly. The rapid ongoing evolution in the information technology sector requires continuing access to technical education. A global goal for lifelong learning may include the right to minimum literacy, but could also include lifelong access to technical and vocational education and training programmes, or other career training.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Implementation strategies could create national targets for achieving a minimum percentage (for instance, 30 or 40 per cent) of secondary- and tertiary- level education graduates that have vocational and technical skills and professional specialization in various sectors, in keeping with a country's evolving requirements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Each goal and target must be incorporated into national laws and policies to ensure that those political commitments become rights-based. National legislation should clearly describe the Government's obligations, indicating how future goals will be achieved progressively and how funding will be provided. Indicators and supporting statistical institutions should also be identified, including time-based targets.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Education is a continuum that begins before formal primary education starts and continues after secondary school. The importance of early childhood care and education along with the role of family is crucial in preparing children for education and is a welcome inclusion to the agenda. The post-2015 development agenda must also address the needs of millions of adults in terms of basic levels of literacy and numeracy, linking that to skill development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur welcomes the importance attached to equitable approaches to education in favour of the marginalized and the vulnerable in the report of the High-level Panel. That requires emphasis on the adoption of positive measures such as affirmative action and social protection schemes that target disadvantaged and vulnerable groups to ensure that they have equitable access to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The Director-General of UNESCO underlined the transformational power of education that makes it the force that brings sustainability to all development and stressed that the future development agenda must start with equity to ensure everyone can exercise the right to education, to training and to learning opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Sheikha Moza bint Nasser expressed her continuing engagement for the full realization of the right to education, which is a fundamental right of every child, as epitomized by her "Educate a Child" initiative for providing quality education for the world's children and youth who are still out of school.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Also at the meeting, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights stated that the universal right to education is central to the human rights approach and that education is essential to the achievement of the right to development, enabling all people, without discrimination of any kind, to take an active part in the process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In his remarks to the High-level Panel, the Secretary-General expressed his concern that too many primary school-age children are still not in school, and too many leave school without learning the most basic skills, and that education is hope and dignity, growth and empowerment, and the basic building block of every society and a pathway out of poverty.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The importance of taking a human rights-based approach to the post-2015 development agenda was emphasized earlier this year during the meeting of the High-level Panel on Human Rights Mainstreaming on mainstreaming human rights into the development agenda with the focus on areas of the right to education, organized by the Human Rights Council on 1 March 2013.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The right to education, which is essential for the exercise of all other human rights, is therefore of paramount importance in national and international development agendas and in public policies and global partnerships. Full realization of the right to quality education for all as a fundamental human right is a determining factor in achieving a future agenda, emerging from a broad global development vision.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Even though there may be a consensus on the need to ensure State investment in the education sector, a legal framework is crucial for sustained political and financial support; efforts to promote the expansion of education opportunities may fail if they are not well anchored by a legal framework that not only ensures the right to education on a basis of equal opportunities, but also guarantees continued State investment in this strategic sector.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Education for global citizenship and value-based education which the Global Initiative on Education of the Secretary-General, Education First, strives to foster and promote, provides key parameters for human rights education and learning. Moreover, in keeping with the Initiative, the future agenda should seek to create a generation that values education as the "common good".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Governments could also draw upon experience gained in the pursuit of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) in their pursuit of the overall goal to integrate the principles, values and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Accordingly, Governments should work towards making their commitments justiciable in their national legal systems, recognizing that they are all founded in international law. As the Special Rapporteur stated in his report to the Human Rights Council, courts, national human rights institutions and administrative or quasi-judicial mechanisms are important mechanisms for citizens to engage Governments, in order to ensure their rights are respected.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Public authorities should ensure monitoring and accountability in all situations where standards are not met. If standards are to be effectively implemented, the concerned stakeholders, including teaching personnel, parents and pupils, must be aware of them and actively involved in compliance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Assessment of students’ performance must be comprehensive in looking into quality in all fields of education, including, a priori, knowledge and understanding of human rights principles and values; competencies and skills in technical and vocational education and training; as well as knowledge and skills in mathematical and scientific literacy and languages.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Laws and policies in many countries require the national curriculum to establish common core competencies with uniform standards countrywide. Ministries of education and other national education authorities often frame the national curriculum according to which pedagogical materials for schools are developed. In the Republic of Korea, for example, the Elementary and Secondary Act provides for the Minister of Education, Science and Technology to determine the basic matters concerning the standards and contents of the common curriculum, and schools are required to use textbooks approved and authorized by the Ministry. In Russia, the Education Law (amended in 2005) stipulates a mandatory minimum content for basic education syllabi, and provides for a “single State educational standard” (arts. 7 and 9), as does the National Basic Curriculum in Guatemala. In Australia, all pupils should be taught on the basis of agreed curriculum content, regardless of their circumstances, the type of school they attend or the school location. In France, a national education programme set by the State is mandatory for both public and private schools, while in Mauritius, the guidelines for curriculum development are set out in the document entitled “Towards a Quality Curriculum: Strategy for Reform,” of September 2006.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Quality of education depends on the dynamics of the teaching/learning process, including the use of instructional manuals and the teacher’s pedagogical skills. New pedagogical approaches which are child-friendly as well as inspiring and motivating are necessary. Teachers need to be able to motivate students, develop their critical thinking, and nurture moral values.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- States usually have standards that lay down the minimum qualification or experience required to enter the profession. Minimum eligibility in terms of qualifications for the teaching profession should include at least a university degree, and it should be obligatory for State authorities to deploy only qualified and trained teachers in schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The teaching profession is not attractive enough and often does not enjoy social esteem, and this undermines teachers’ morale and motivation. Enhancing career development perspectives for teachers is crucial. In this regard, the UNESCO-ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers (1966) provides a basis for developing national laws applicable to all teachers, in both private and public schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Class size and pupil-teacher ratio is another important indicator of quality of education. Overcrowded classrooms undermine quality education in many developing countries. Reducing very large class sizes helps teachers to perform better, and pupils to learn more. Norms sometimes lay down instructional time to be given to students at various grades of schooling, along with working days for teachers as part of their duties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- A rights-based, child-friendly school requires a healthy, hygienic and safe learning environment, with adequate water and sanitation facilities and healthy classrooms. Overall norms for the construction and modernization of school buildings are also relevant in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- As outlined, States have developed a variety of instruments to promote standards for quality in education, sometimes with technical assistance, ranging from laws to policies and programmes. Below are examples of initiatives addressing some specific components of quality in education. They are by no means exhaustive.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The Council of Europe is currently developing a recommendation on the right to quality education for adoption by the Council of Ministers. This new instrument can enrich existing regional and national norms and principles in the field of education. Also, the European Commission has developed 16 quality indicators relating to education to assist efforts to improve the quality of education within national education systems and to monitor progress.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- A number of United Nations specialized agencies have developed indicators and benchmarks to measure and promote quality in education. UNICEF developed a framework for rights-based, child-friendly educational systems and schools to help fulfil the rights of children and provide them with an education of good quality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, the ministers participating in the High-Level Segment of the Economic and Social Council in 2011 recognized that “providing quality education for children, youth and adults helps to develop the knowledge and skills that people and countries need to flourish, and that additional measures are required to improve the quality of education and to ensure positive learning outcomes for all.”
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- In the outcome document of the high-level meeting to review the progress of the Millennium Development Goals, States explicitly commit to ensuring quality in education, by providing equitable educational and learning opportunities for all children and ensuring quality education and progression through the school system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Many countries stress the importance of humanist values in education. Education is invaluable for creating a better world by promoting the values of a culture of peace, mutual understanding and international solidarity, and its achievements in this regard denotes its quality. Overall, there can be no task nobler than giving every child a better future, and quality education is indispensable in serving this cause.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Achieving knowledge and skills in mathematical and scientific literacy and languages should not be treated as being an exclusive reference for the quality of education. Universally recognized human rights values and democratic principles should be embedded in every education system. The acquisition of knowledge about human rights values should be at the forefront of any discourse on quality education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The concept of “basic learning needs” includes skills in technical education and vocational training as an important component of basic education, and as an integral part of generalized secondary education. Learning achievements in technical education is emerging as a priority for development and for evaluations of quality in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- The status of technical and vocational education and training and its social perceptions that associate this type of education with students presenting low academic achievements must be transformed. Public authorities and civil society organizations should support campaigns to raise the attractiveness of this strategic educational sector.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- International experience demonstrates that adapting to an increasingly diversified student population calls for providing various learning pathways, including in technical and vocational subjects. New approaches to education and training are crucial to meet the demand for new skills in an increasingly knowledge- and skills-based society. Accordingly, technical and vocational education and training systems must respond to the demand for upgrading skills and the acquisition of new ones, which are instrumental in the creation of new employment opportunities. Such education and training can also stimulate creative skills and promote the arts. Concerns with environmental degradation, poverty eradication and sustainable development have motivated new approaches to technical and vocational education and training with consideration given to the promotion of skills required by the emerging "'green' economy". In June 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development also underscored the importance of supporting educational institutions to develop quality and innovative programmes, including technical and vocational training and lifelong learning, geared to bridging skills gaps in order to advance sustainable development objectives (A/CONF.216/L.1, para. 235).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- States should pay particular attention to the empowerment of women and girls in the provision of technical and vocational education and training, also encouraging them to choose non-traditional fields of education and careers. National policies should seek to eliminate gender stereotypes and barriers to the professional development of women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Such a legal framework could consider promoting public-private partnership, with policies and incentives encouraging the private sector to collaborate with public authorities. Moreover, institutionalized collaboration between technical and vocational education and training schools and industry and enterprises should be established.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- In line with the above principles, and having looked extensively into technical and vocational education and training from a right to education perspective, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the recommendations set out below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- This principle is crucial in devising and operationalizing the system of technical and vocational education and training, with the involvement of social partners and multiple stakeholders. It emanates from human rights law as also from ILO and UNESCO instruments relating to technical and vocational education and training.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- This is a fundamental principle enshrined in almost all United Nations human rights treaties, and it is of paramount importance in face of persistent disparities and growing inequalities in education. The system of technical and vocational education and training should admit of no discrimination or exclusion, and learning opportunities should be equally accessible to all.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Today, the humanistic mission of education is being vitiated. Hence the critical importance of this principle, so that the system of education in general, and of technical and vocational education and training in particular, is inspired by a humanistic rather than a mere utilitarian vision of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- In this context, it is important to recall that human rights law clearly establishes State obligations to finance education utilizing the maximum available resources. As the Special Rapporteur has consistently urged, giving effect to these obligations requires various legal and policy instruments to ensure that any investment in technical and vocational education and training is predictable and sustainable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- According to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the right to technical and vocational education includes the following aspects: "(a) It enables students to acquire knowledge and skills which contribute to their personal development, self-reliance and employability and enhances the productivity of their families and communities, including the State party's economic and social development; (b) It takes account of the educational, cultural and social background of the population concerned; the skills, knowledge and levels of qualification needed in the various sectors of the economy; and occupational health, safety and welfare; (c) It provides retraining for adults whose current knowledge and skills have become obsolete owing to technological, economic, employment, social or other changes; (d) It consists of programmes which give students, especially those from developing countries, the opportunity to receive TVE in other States, with a view to the appropriate transfer and adaptation of technology; and (e) It consists, in the context of the Covenant's non-discrimination and equality provisions, of programmes which promote the TVE of women, girls, out-of-school youth, unemployed youth, the children of migrant workers, refugees, persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- While a diverse range of initiatives taken and declarations adopted at international and regional levels, such as those mentioned above, reflect important commitments of Governments, it is international treaties that form the normative backbone for technical and vocational education and training policies and programmes, and the legal framework for promoting normative action at the national level in line with State obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- It is clear that normative action aimed at achieving equality of opportunities in education, both in law and in fact, needs to be intensified. The application of the principle of equality of opportunity in education, which is common to various international human rights treaties, calls for greater emphasis on the fulfilment of State obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- As poverty and social exclusion remain the major barriers to achieving the EFA, the use of direct financial support (through fellowship schemes, conditional cash transfers, or social assistance support for children of school age, for example) can be effective in enlarging access to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- A number of in-kind incentives, such as school meal programmes, especially in poverty-stricken areas, are implemented in order to ensure that income deprivation or poverty in general does not result in exclusion from schools. In broad terms, State investment in social-protection policies and its contribution to alleviating the burden on families and child poverty plays an important role in the promotion of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Even if primary or basic education were to be accessible free of cost, such access cannot be universalized effectively unless financial support in the form of grants and bursaries is provided to the children who are excluded, in particular those who are victims of extreme poverty. Furthermore, targeting elimination of child labour in order to safeguard mandatory education is particularly relevant.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Threat of violence against girls on the way to and from schools limits their education opportunities: household surveys in many countries identify distance as a major factor in parents’ decisions to keep daughters out of school, and concerns over security figure prominently.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In all such circumstances, different types of barriers emerge as the central factors in the limited enjoyment of the right to education of these various population groups. Understanding these different obstacles and their inter-relationship is a permanent challenge for developing effective education policies to ensure non-discrimination and equal opportunities in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Constitutional law in various countries reflects concepts such as equal and adequate opportunities, or equal and reasonable opportunities, equitable public education, equal access to education, or equal conditions and opportunities, equal right to receive education, among others. This provides fertile grounds for action at the national level in the form of legislation, but also policies and programmes that ensure better opportunities for all.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Pursuant to the legal obligations assumed by States under international human rights treaties, and following up on the political commitments they have undertaken, it is incumbent upon them to apply the principle of equality of opportunity in education through their national legal system. The place accorded to this principle in constitutions and other national legislation bears evidence to the way States incorporate their obligations into domestic law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The global political commitments made by the international community at the 2000 World Education Forum towards achieving the goals of EFA are well known. EFA is the most relevant international initiative for promoting equality of opportunity in education; its goals correspond to various provisions regarding the right to education as enshrined in international human rights treaties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Thus, equality of opportunity in education is clearly an overarching principle in most human rights treaties. It enjoins on the States parties to these treaties international obligations of a permanent nature for promoting and protecting the right to education, without discrimination or exclusion, in a way that it is fully respectful of equality of opportunity in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Concerning equality between men and women, the Human Rights Committee has also interpreted articles 3 and 24 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on equality between men and women, and on protection of children, respectively, as requiring States to provide information on “measures taken to ensure that girls are treated equally to boys in education.”
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child enshrines the right of every child to education on the basis of equal opportunity. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has recognized the need for identifying and giving priority to marginalized and disadvantaged groups of children, while not neglecting or diluting in any way the obligations which States parties have accepted under the Convention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Promoting and protecting the right to education and promoting equality and non-discrimination are clearly interrelated duties in accordance with human rights norms. The decisions of several human rights bodies recognize the central role of education in ensuring the enjoyment of an equal protection of other human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Ensuring equal opportunities in education is also a key concern at the regional level. The Conference of Ministers of Education of the African Union has continued to reiterate the need to increase access to education, improve quality and relevance, and ensure equity. This is the underlying thrust of the Second Decade of Education for Africa (2006-2015), and the Framework for Action, adopted by African Ministers of Education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Free and compulsory primary education is an inalienable right of every child, and a core obligation of States under international human rights treaties. The Education for All process has furthered the global recognition of the duty to ensure every child receives free primary and basic education without discrimination or exclusion.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- The right to education is set out in article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and is comprehensively elaborated in article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and in articles 28 and 29 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. As highlighted below, a number of other human rights treaties also expand on the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. (f)
- Paragraph text
- Management of schools and human rights standards: The realization of the right to education involves the proper discharge of duties by public servants and private providers. The Special Rapporteur will study the main obstacles to the respect of human rights in the functioning and management of schools, and the standards and mechanisms that ensure that educational entities comply with human rights principles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph